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Utilization of Flaxseed As a Functional Food

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Shahzad

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2009

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Applied Sciences

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/handle/123456789/260

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727651910

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The research work was carried out to evaluate the acceptability of flaxseed utilization in the baked products. Microwave roasting reduced the cyanogenic glycosides content of flaxseed thus making it fit for human consumption. The partial defattening of flaxseed resulted in the improvement of chemical constituents of flaxseed meal. The flaxseed flours (partially defatted and full fat) supplemented wheat flour significantly improved the chemical composition (ash, crude fat, crude fiber and crude protein) and mineral contents of the composite flours. The chemical constituents remained statistically unchanged during the 60 days of storage studies thus indicating good storage conditions. The mixing time and peak height percentages of the composite flours reduced significantly by the supplementation of flaxseed flour into wheat flour. The scores assigned to all the sensory parameters of chapattis and breads affected significantly with the variation in levels of flaxseed supplementation in wheat flours. The scores for overall acceptability, aroma and taste of chapattis decreased when prepared and tested at 0, 30 and 60 days of flours storage. The scores assigned to all the internal and external sensory attributes of breads decreased by increasing the level of flaxseed supplementation in straight grade flour. The 16% defatted and 12 % full fat flaxseed flours were found the maximum acceptable levels for replacement in chapattis, while in breads 12% replacements of both flaxseed flours resulted in acceptable product. Total, soluble and insoluble dietary fibers, essential amino acid contents and linolenic acid content of chapattis and breads are improved substantially due to the supplementation of partially defatted flaxseed flour or full fat flaxseed flour into wheat flour. True digestibility, NPU, BV and PER of chapattis and breads improved by the supplementation of flaxseed flour. The highest values of TD (84.6), PER (1.87), NPU (54.65) and BV (64.6) were recorded in rats group fed on diets prepared from chapattis containing 16% partially defatted flaxseed flour (PDF). Total cholesterol, glucose, LDL-C and triglyceride contents in rats’ serum decreased due to inclusion of flaxseed supplemented chapattis and breads in their diets. The concentration of HDL improved in the serum of rats fed on diets prepared from flaxseed supplemented chapattis and breads. The diets based on chapattis supplemented with 16% PDF contributed to reduce the serum glucose of rats by 18.16 %, cholesterol by 15.33%, triglycerides by 7.45% and LDL by 18.26%. The HDL concentration of rats serum increased by 7.36% in rats fed on diet prepared from 16% PDF supplemented chapattis. It is proved that flaxseed based bakery products can help to cure and control the cardiovascular diseases in developing countries like Pakistan. It can be advised to public that inclusion of flaxseed in their daily meal plan may be beneficial therapy to control and cure diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.
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مفتی محمد قائم فرنگی محلی

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افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ مفتی محمد قائم صاحب فرنگی محلی نے انتقال فرمایا، مرحوم درس و تدریس اور فقہ و فتاویٰ میں خانوادہ فرنگی محل کی آخری یادگار تھے، ایک مدت تک مدرسہ حنفیہ جو نپور کے صدر مدرس رہے، مگر ادھر عرصہ سے کبرسنی کے باعث خانہ نشین ہوگئے تھے، چند برسوں سے بالکل معذور ہوگئے تھے، مگر اس حالت میں بھی افتا کا کام جاری تھا، اور مولانا محمد رضا فرنگی محلی ان کی نگرانی میں اس کو انجام دیتے تھے، فقہ کے علاوہ حدیث و رجال پر بھی ان کی وسیع نظر تھی، جس پر ان کی تصنیف معیار الحدیث شاہد ہے، اخلاق و وضعداری میں پرانے بزرگوں کا نمونہ تھے، ان کی وفات سے فرنگی محل کی علم وفضل کی آخری یادگار مٹ گئی۔ والبقاء ﷲ وحدہ۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ ان کی مغفرت فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، جنوری ۱۹۷۰ء)

برصغیر میں اصول تفسیر کے مناہج و دبستان اور نمائندہ شخصیات کی علمی تراث کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

The Quranic sciences of interpretations and principles of interpretations were originated in the epoch of holy prophet (saw) but compilation of both were started later. This is called principles of interpretations, which is the basic and important part of Islamic studies. Islamic scholars, commentators and explicators explained the holy Quran in the light of principles of interpretations. These are such basic principles those are guide lines for them so they will not deviate or drop the right way while interpreting and explaining the holy verses. These principles are laid down and followed by them so that they may find the will of Allah and actual meaning of holy Quran. A little difference in principles causes a huge difference in interpretation. Different methodology in principles resulted in many schools of thought. This article focusses on examining these schools of thought found in sub-continent and introduce their main books. This article deals with chronological evolution of said knowledge i.e. Principles of interpretations, and Quranic sciences specially originated by the famous principalities and interpreters of sub-continent.

In Vitrobioavailability Studies of Calcium from Various Natural Sources and Their Compartive Compositional Analysis

In this research, we parametrically study the composition of various types of shells and explore the probability of bioavailability of calcium in particularly from chicken egg shells. The research comprises of two parts. The first part is consisted of the comparative composition analysis of five types of locally available shells i.e. chicken eggshell, duck eggshell, pigeon eggshell, seashell small, and seashell large using standard methods of analysis. All five investigated shells were found to be enriched in fats, proteins and important macro and micronutrients i.e, calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, zinc, iron, sodium, potassium, and copper. Certain methods to enhance the bioavailability of minerals in the selected highly nutritional shells were also investigated. The second part of study relates to evaluate the role of citrus flavonoid, hesperidin, on the bioavailability of calcium, a probable reason to prevent bone loss. Citrus flavonoid (hesperidin) in combination with citric acid and ascorbic acid was scrutinized to estimate the bioavailability of micronutrients from chicken egg shells using in vitro method. Effect of citric acid, ascorbic acid and hesperidin on the bioavailability of minerals (zinc and iron) and macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous) were evaluated and the amounts required to get maximum bioavailability were calculated. The highest bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, iron, and zinc was 89.25 ± 2.13, 92.28 ± 1.87, 40.32 ± 3.09, 32.81 ± 1.24 and 46.19 ± 0.83%, respectively after the addition of 3 g of citric acid, 100 mg of ascorbic acid and 4 mg of hesperidin per gram of chicken eggshell powder. Citric acid greatly affects the bioavailability of calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, and zinc, whereas addition of ascorbic acid enhances the bioavailability of Fe, and hesperidin boosts the bioavailability (p < 0.05) of micronutrients of all investigated shells.