Optimum nitrogen, its placement methods and seeding rates are important for enhancement of qualitative maize fodder production. This study therefore was conducted to determine how nitrogen, seed rates, N placement methods, N application timings, seed sowing patterns and their interactive effect can alter fodder yield. Field experiments thus were conducted at Students Farm, Department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan, located at (25o25’60’N 68o31’ 60E) during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009. In all the experiments, maize variety Akbar was sown for fodder production. The study on effect of nitrogen levels and placements on maize fodder production consisted two seasons (spring and autumn), three N placement methods (broadcast, fertigation and side dressing) and five N levels (00, 60, 100, 140 and 180 kg ha-1). Application of 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation resulted maximum leaves plant-1, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, N concentration, N uptake, crude protein, crude fibre, crude ash and green fodder yield. Further increase in N levels exhibited non-significant increase in the values of plant traits except plant height; crop growth rate and total dry matter were maximum at 180 kg N ha-1. N broadcast or side dressing even at higher N rates (180 kg ha-1) did not show higher values of all plant traits as compared to N- fertigation. An antagonist interactive effect of N rates and placement methods was noted on net assimilation rate, being maximum in control plots and decreased as the N rates increased regardless of N placement methods. Maize phenology changed with increasing N fertilizer rates and placement methods. To reach V10 stage, application of 140 or 180 kg N ha-1 attained maximum days under N fertigation method. Maize also took more days to reach tasselling and harvesting stages respectively at higher N application at 180 kg N ha-1 through broadcast followed by application of 140 kg N ha-1 either by fertigation or broadcast, however, early tasselling and harvesting stages appeared in the control plots. The field investigations on effect of nitrogen scheduling and placement methods on maize fodder production, comprised growing seasons (spring and autumn), N placement methods (broadcast, fertigation and side dressing) and N scheduling (00, two spilt (at sowing and V4 stages), three spilt (at sowing, V4 and V6 stages), four spilt (at sowing, V4, V6, and V8 stages), five spilt (at sowing, V4, V6, V8, V10 and VT stages). Split application of 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation at sowing,V4 and V6 stage recorded maximum leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, total dry matter, N concentration, N uptake, crude protein, crude fibre, crude ash and green fodder yield compared to two, four or five N split applications. Further N split reduced the values of all traits. Opposite response of net assimilation rate was observed, being higher in the control plots and lower in the plots treated with nitrogen. Maize phenological traits had non-significant response from V4 to V6 growth stages. Three split N applications of 140 kg N ha-1 during sowing, V4 and V6 through fertigation significantly took more days to reach V8, V10 and tasselling stages respectively. However, at harvest maize fodder took more days in two N split applications through broadcast during sowing and V4 growth stage. Studies on effect of seed rates and row directions on maize fodder production involved seasons (spring and autumn), row directions (north to south, east to west, north-east to south-west, north-west to south-west, and cross sowing and seed rates (150, 175, 200, 225 and 250 kg ha-1). Maximum leaves, plant height, stem girth, leaf area, crop growth rate, total dry matter, N content, N uptake, crude protein and fodder yield were found when crop was sown through north-south row direction at 150- 175 kg ha-1 seed rate. Higher net assimilation rate was observed in cross sowing and seeding rate of 175 kg ha-1. Seed rates and row directions had non-significant effect on germination, crude fat, crude ash and all the phenological traits of maize. For enhancement of maize fodder production, present investigations conclude and recommend that maize could be sown at seed rate of 175 kg ha-1 by north- south rows orientation. Nitrogen would be split applied at 140 kg N ha-1 through fertigation method during sowing, V4 and V6 stages
مظہر امام /پروفیسر شہریار/پروفیسر مغنی تبسم افسوس اس ماہ فروری میں اردو کے آسماں پر درخشاں، چند ستاروں کے چھپ جانے سے اردو دنیا کی رونق میں کمی آگئی، جناب مظہر امام ، پروفیسر شہریار ، پروفیسر مغنی تبسم یکے بعد دیگرے رخصت ہوئے، مظہر امام کی شناخت آزاد غزل کے حوالے سے ہے، کئی شعری اور تنقیدی کتابوں کے مصنف تھے، پروفیسر شہریار اور پروفیسر مغنی تبسم، ہندوستان کی دو ممتاز جامعات یعنی مسلم یونیورسٹی اور جامعہ عثمانیہ میں اردو کے کامیاب اور نامور استاد ہی نہیں، شعرو ادب کی دنیا میں صاحب مرتبہ و مقام بھی تھے، شہریار کی شہرت گو ان کی زندگی کے دور آخر میں خوشبو کی طرح عام ہوئی لیکن نشاط غم اور رنج شادمانی کے مختصر اور فانی لمحات کا ساتھ عمر بھر رہا، ان کی شہرت کے شہپر جب سمٹے ہوئے تھے اس وقت بھی انہوں نے اس خاموشی کو بلیغ معانی دیے تھے، خواب، رات، دیار، پرچھائیں، سفر، تشنہ لبی کے پردے میں وہ دیار دل اور بزم دوستاں تلاش کرتے رہے، مغنی تبسم شہریار کے پیشہ تدریس میں ہی شریک نہیں رسالہ شعرو حکمت میں بھی برابر کے سہیم تھے، وہ حیدرآباد کے دائرہ ادبیات اردو اور رسالہ سب رس سے مدتوں وابستہ رہے، فانی بدایونی پر تحقیق کی تھی، درجنوں کتابیں لکھیں، عجیب بات ہے کہ ادبی سفر میں مغنی تبسم اور شہریار ساتھ ساتھ رہے، ابدی سفر میں بھی یہ رفاقت قائم رہی، شہریار کے نام ایک خط میں مغنی تبسم نے لکھا تھا کہ ’’شاعری تو ایسی چیز ہے جو خدا، انسان اور کائنات کے درمیان پچھلی راتوں کا دعائیہ بن جاتی ہے، کتنے لوگ ہیں جوان ساعتوں میں دست دعا دراز کرتے ہیں‘‘، مغفرت کے لیے کوئی عمل یا کوئی قول کام آسکتا ہے، ہمارا دست دعا بھی اسی لیے دراز ہے۔...
This study discusses how to integrate the values of moderate Islamic character in Islamic higher education institutions. Integration of the value of moderate Islamic character values can be implemented through learning in all subjects in Islamic higher education. Integration of Islamic character values can be done on all subjects in Islamic higher education by referring to the concepts, systems and theories of learning. Learning the value of moderate Islamic characters can give students a personality color better than before and can inspire lecturers as learners. In carrying out enlightenment and intelligence in shaping tough, courageous, honest, tolerant, responsible and consistent students, in order to answer the challenges of powerlessness and inability to build national identity, inability to reconstruct the nation's potential responsively and dynamically. The hope of the writer, with the integration of the value of moderate Islamic character in all courses in Islamic higher education, can be the basis for the formation of adherent behavior, and the value of character can be a declarator of glory on the face of the earth
Discovery of natural resources like oil in developing countries has mixed impacts on the economy. At best, it is positive, at worst negative and in the middle, insignificant or none at all. Such mix up in the impacts has been explained empirically in terms of technical challenges in fiscal, monetary and other decisions. Utilizing a Computable General Equilibrium model and the Uganda Social Accounting Matrix 2007, this study attempts to establish the possible impact of the country’s oil on households. Three simulations are performed on production, absorption and export of oil. Thereafter, the results are analyzed using Distributive Analysis Statistical Package (DASP) software to establish their effects on households’ poverty, inequality and welfare. Generally, the simulations show that the discovery reduces both poverty and inequality. Specifically, in comparison to the baseline simulation, oil production, absorption and exports reduces absolute poverty, poverty gaps and severity. Further, the simulation results show that production, absorption and export reduce the Gini coefficient, implying a reduction in inequality. Other measures of inequality, notably Thiel L, T and S produce similar results and conclusions across simulations like that of the first measure. In the context of welfare, we note that the Hoover Index, and other welfare measures such as HI, TL and TT show significant changes. These measures show an improvement in households’ welfare for production, absorption and exports. The equivalent variation of individual households shows a positive effect on welfare except the urban farm households. By and large, the findings confirm the spillover effects of oil on all sectors of the economy with the exception of manufacturing and services. Further, we observe a positive impact of all the simulations on GDP, calculated by expenditures approach, exports, imports and private consumption; whereas a negative effect is noted for GDP, calculated by income and output approach, investment, government surplus and balance of payment position. This study recommends the managers of the economy to pay special attention to inject a reasonable portion of oil rent in those sectors which positively contribute to the economy, diversify the non-oil exports and above all boost private consumption.