پیر احسان اﷲ شاہ
علمی حلقوں میں یہ خبر غم و افسوس کے ساتھ سنی جائے گی کہ چھندم گوٹ ضلع حیدرآباد سندھ کے مشہور عالم پیر احسان اﷲ شاہ صاحب جو قلمی کتابوں کے بڑے عاشق تھے چوالیس برس کی عمر میں ۱۳؍ اکتوبر ۱۹۳۸ء کو اس دنیا سے چل بسے، مرحوم حدیث و رجال کے بڑے عالم تھے، اور ان کے کتب خانہ میں حدیث و تفسیر و رجال کی نایاب قلمی کتابوں کا بڑا ذخیرہ تھا، ان کے شوق کا یہ عالم تھا کہ مشرق و مغرب مصر و شام و عرب و قسطنطنیہ کے کتب خانوں میں ان کے کاتب اور ناسخ نئی قلمی کتابوں کی نقل پر مامور رہتے تھے، مرحوم ایک خانقاہ کے سجادہ نشین اور طریق سلف کے متبع، اور علم و عمل دونوں میں ممتاز تھے، اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم پر اپنے انوار رحمت کی بارش فرمائے۔ (سید سلیمان ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۳۸ء)
For the development of human society, when male and female get into the bond of marriage, they not only crave for having long lasting relationship but also desire it to be protected and preserved. But sometimes, the state of affairs turn out in such a way that this marital bond is vitictimized by the mutual differences and grow to such an extent that husband and wife end up in divorce. Separation of a married couple is viewed as a dreadful act in any society of the world. However, sometimes a couple is better off without this relation as a result of growing differences. Different religions have suggested different waysin this regard by explaining how husband and wife can lead a detached life. Divorce is an act which breaks the agreement of marriage. Different religions propose different laws and traditions for divorce. In this paper, we will discuss divorce laws and traditions that come under Semitic religions (Judaism, Christianity, and Islam) in specific.
The research work “Comparative Study of Domestic Politics of General Zia-ul-Haq and General Pervez Musharraf Regime with Special Focus on Political and Constitutional Activities” related with the crucial political history of Pakistan. This era focus on political and constitutional activities of the two military dictators from 1977-88 and 1999-2008 in Pakistan. The thesis consists of eight chapters, and the first chapter covers the evaluation of constitutional and political history of the world. It further contains the opinion of the renowned scholars of the world about the constitutional development with reference to the Indian Subcontinent. Moreover, the political and constitutional development in Pakistan has discussed comprehensively from 1947-77. The second chapter focused on the political ambitions of the General Zia-ul-Haq, that how he seized the power through the “Operation Fair Play” and prolonged Martial Law in the name of accountability. Zia-ul-Haq postponed the General Elections very smartly and swiftly, although, he has promised the nation to held the elections after ninety days. The need of Local Bodies Election in 1979 and 1983, instead of General Elections are also discussed in this chapter. Further, discussed the PCO launched to sabotage the Judiciary by which Zia-ul-Haq sacked all seniors Judges of Supreme Court, who were thereat for him. The third chapter focused on the political strategies of Zia-ul-Haq, that why he designed a fake Federal Assembly (Majlis-e-Shoora) with combination of different experts and low political profile personalities. In this chapter it discussed thoroughly that why Ziaul-Haq holds a referendum and elected himself as President of the Pakistan. Further, the General Election of 1985 has discussed with its dire need for Zia-ul-Haq. The details of 8th. Amendment and the lifting the Martial Law with its political background is the essential part of the chapter. The fourth chapter focused the 4th Martial Law in Pakistan by General Pervez Musharraf on October 12, 1999. It consists of the background of the tassel between Prime Minister and the COAS. The Kargil issue has discussed in detail, which become the basic cause of Martial Law. In this chapter, it discussed thoroughly that why Nawaz Sharif exercised the constitutional authority to remove the COAS and how the PakArmy retaliates in respond. The “Operation Solidarity”, seven point agenda and the PCO of Pervez Musharraf are discussed in detail. Moreover, the Devolution Plan is the major part of this chapter. The fifth chapter focused on the Musharraf era (2002-08), especially the political and constitutional development in the country. Like the past, the repetition of the Referendum, the making of Legal Frame Work Order (LFO2002), to hold the General Election according to LFO, the 17th Amendment in the constitution is the major topics discussed in this chapter. Moreover, the Judicial Crisis on March 2007, and Musharraf’s mini Martial Law of November 2007, is the essential part of this chapter. The sixth and the seventh chapter consist of the reaction of both the military dictators. In these chapters, the compliments and the criticism of the politicians and the political parties had been presented. Moreover, in this chapter the opinion of the legal experts has recorded according to the law. The analysis of the journalists is the essential part of these chapters. The eighth chapter consists of the conclusion and the final summary of the dissertation. An analytical views and suggestions are also the part of the conclusion.