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Wasterwater Treatment Using Bioprocessesand Nanofiltration

Thesis Info

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Author

Haneef, Asma

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Agriculture

City

Faisalabad

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Chemistry

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/9848/1/Asma%20Haneef_Chem_2017_UAF_Main%20part.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727665575

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The water pollution is one of the environmental problems due to the bioaccumulation tendency of toxic materials. The purpose of present study was to treat wastewater through bioprocesses, in combination with nanofiltration (NF) as a post treatment process to remove heavy metals (Cu(II) & Pb(II)), and reactive dyes (Drimarine Yellow HF-3GL & Drimarine Black CL-B) from aqueous solutions. The bioprocesses were conducted in batch and column mode. The biosorption characteristics of immobilized heat inactivated hybrid biosorbent (HI HB) and Active hybrid biosorbent (Active HB) for metal ions and dyes removal were assessed as function of biomass dosage, contact time, pH, initial dye/metal ion concentration and temperature. Maximum uptake of Cu(II), Pb(II), Drimarine Black CL-B & Drimarine Yellow HF-3GL was 213.53, 365.90, 14.57 and 7.82 mg/g at pH 5, 4.5, 3 & 3, respectively, by immobilized HI HB. The biosorption capacity did not increase with increase in biomass dosage. Langmuir isotherm described well the biosorption process. The kinetic data fitted well to pseudo-first and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. Thermodynamic study illustrate that process was feasible at low temperature. Removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Drimarine Yellow HF-3GL & Drimarine Black CL-B with immobilized Active HB was also explored as a function of pH, biomass dosage, initial dye/metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature. The results demonstrated that all studied parameters influenced the process. Increase in initial dye/metal ions concentration and bed height was found to be favorable conditions for maximum dye/metal ions removal in column mode study. Characterization of biosorbent was carried out by FTIR, SEM, TEM, XRD and TGA analysis. FTIR analysis of biomass showed participation of –OH, and –COOH as major functional groups involved in sequestering of metal ions and dyes from aqueous solution. Furthermore, NF increased the % removal of studied metal ions and dyes. The study provides understanding on treating wastewater through adsorption in combination with NF for Cu(II), Pb(II), Drimarine Yellow HF-3GL & Drimarine Black CL-B removal.
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نواب وقار الملک

قافلہ کا آخری مُسافر

نواب وقارالملک مرحوم

علم والے علم کا دریا بہا کر چل دیئے

واعظانِ قوم سوتوں کو جگا کر چل دیئے

کچھ سخنور تھے کہ سحر اپنا دکھا کر چل دیئے

 کچھ مسیحا تھے کہ مردوں کو جلا کر چل دیئے

.         نواب محسن الملک کی وفات پر ہم نے تدبر و سیاست کا ماتم کیا، مولانا نذیر احمد کے مرنے پر سحر نگاری اور بزم آرائی کا مرثیہ پڑھا، مولانا شبلی کی موت پر ہم نے علم کے فقدان پر نوحہ کیا، لیکن نواب وقارالملک کی رحلت پر ہم قوم کا ماتم کرتے ہیں اور الوالعزمانہ اخلاق کی گم شدگی پر فریاد۔

          یہ ہستی گراں مایہ جس نے ہماری دنیا کو ۲۷، جنوری ۱۹۱۷؁ء میں الوداع کہا، ہمارے کارفرما قافلہ کا آخری مسافر تھا، اس کے بعد وہ دور جو انقلاب ہند کے بعد شروع ہوا تھا ختم ہوگیا، وہ دور جو انگریزی کالجوں کی کائنات نہیں، بلکہ بوریا نشین مدارس کا نتیجہ تھی، گزرگیا، وہ دور جو قدیم تعلیم اور قدیم اخلاق کے دنوں کو پیش کرتا تھا، منقطع ہوگیا، یعنی آئندہ ہماری قسمت کے مالک عربی مدارس کے شملے نہ ہونگے، بلکہ انگریزی درسگاہوں کے ہیٹ ہونگے، اب مشرق، مشرق کی قومیت پر حکومت نہیں کرے گا، بلکہ مغرب، اب لیڈری اور رہبریٔ جمہور کے لئے جوش دل اور اخلاص عمل ضروری نہ ہوگا بلکہ صرف ایک کامیاب عہدہ اور ایک عمدہ سوٹ فیا ویلاہ علی فقید الاسلام ویا خیباہ للمسلمین۔

          مرحوم کو سب سے پہلے میں نے دارالعلوم ندوہ میں دیکھا، غالباً ۱۹۰۳؁ء یا ۱۹۰۴؁ء میں، پست قد، فربہ جسم، چھوٹی گردن، کچی پکی لمبی داڑھی، سرگھٹا ہوا اور سر پر ایک ترکی...

Historical, Cultural and Geographical Ties Between Pakistan and Iran

In order to get a vivid picture of Pakistan-Iran relations, the paper delves into the past with Iranian history and Iranian sphere of influence in South Asia. Both South Asia and Iran have ancient historical, cultural and religious ties since the times of the Cyrus the Great to the present. The Persian language and literature particularly the Persian classical poetry have left a great impression on sub-continent’s cultural and educational canvass. Pakistan-Iran border which was drawn by the British in the 1880s, remains still intact. Though the border is a wasteland with little agriculture but on the sea-front both the countries have access to the Strait of Hormuz which is of great strategic importance. Moreover, ethnic Baloch live on both sides of the border and crossborder and trade and livestock is the mainstay of cross-border economy. During the Cold War period, both Pakistan and Iran were subservient to the US policies against the Soviet Union; consequently, both received massive arms and equipment. This paper also indicates that during Mohammed Reza Shah’s time, the relations between Pakistan and Iran were quite friendly but they underwent a change after the Iranian revolution and during General Zia’s time. The main issues have been spelled out up-till 1979 and the minor frictions between the two countries could be managed through diplomacy. External pressures are also influencing the contemporary relations between the two countries and have put Pakistan in a dilemma. Historical and secondary sources have been used for the conduct of the study. Historical research has an important role to play in the Social Sciences. It helps us to understand the present by highlighting the past events.

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