النتائج
أولاً :
تعرفنا علی ملکۃ من ملکات الشعر الغزلي وھي بروین شاکر، منذ ولادتھا إلی وفاتھا وأھم أعمالھا العلمیۃ والأدبیۃ فهي شاعرة باكستانية معروفة جداً .
ثانياً:
السبب الرئیسي في أحزانھا عشقھا غیر الناجح وزواجھا من شخص علی رضاء الوالدین ثم طلاقھا وسعادتھا الناقصۃ۔
ثالثاً:
أعطت بروین شاکر صورۃ واضحۃ لمشاعر وأحاسیس المرأۃ وأنھا لیست لعبۃ في عالم الرجال بل أن لھا مکانتھا العالیۃ ومنزلتھا اللائقہ بھا ودافعت کثیراً عن حقوق المرأۃ، ولها مجموعات شعرية رائعة وأكثر أشعارها عن الحب والعاطفة والوحدة والفراق والإشتياق إلى الحبيب.
The global financial crises 2007 bring about the current banking regulations which stood inadequate to avoid banks from taking in unnecessary risk actions. Therefore, Bank for International Settlement (BIS) and G-20 leaders endorsed a new international standard of banking regulations by revising previous Basel II rule, introduced in 2004, into Basel III in late 2010, so as to enhance the quality including quantity of capital, leverage ratio and liquidity standards, which has become a challenge for nationals to implement these strict reforms under their existing banking system. Parallel with the conventional banking system, for which the Basel Committee formulated Basel framework, Islamic banking introduced in early 1977 to 1980 in Pakistan in response to the decision by the Shariat Bench of Supreme Court, necessitates that the financial system be transformed to operate in conformity with sharia. The State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) and Bank Negara Malaysia are the regulator of Islamic banks and full member of IFSB. The Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB) established in 2002 in Malaysia as an international standard-setting organization to enforce the international regulatory and supervisory guidelines for Islamic financial organizations along with other standard setting bodies such as AAOIFI and ISDB to achieve this objective. The IFSB promotes the stability and soundness of the Islamic financial institutions by issuing guiding standards and prudential regulations for the industry, The IFSB applied Basel standards in the context of Islamic banks and its operating models. This paper critically evaluates Islamic financial institution’s regulatory and supervisory structures particularly for Pakistan and Malaysia and examines financial position after implementing Basel Accord rules. Study suggests a positive impact in case of both countries.
The quality of any school largely depends on its leadership. The notions of education keeps changing with the passage of time, hence, requires and demands experienced, competent and skillful head teachers to manage schools effectively. One of the changing trends in the educational arena is to introduce school based management. In the context of the Northern Areas (NA) of Pakistan, the Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan (AKES, P) has initiated the shifting of power from its central offices to schools which has made the head teacher's role more challenging and demanding. This study aimed at understanding how AKES, P head teachers respond to the increasing demands of their roles in the context of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, a territory having many contextual challenges in terms of education, economy, social aspects and geographical conditions. The central question that guided the study was how head teachers in this school system respond to the increasing demands of their role in the context of the Northern Areas of Pakistan. The study carried out in a qualitative research design paradigm in which a case study approach was used. Three head teachers selected as primary participants of the study whereas focus group discussions with some of the teachers (male, female) of the sample schools were conducted. Additionally, some of the documents were analyzed and some observations relating to the head teachers' working styles were also made to understand the holistic picture of how these head teachers work in these schools. The study shares some of the crucial challenges such as, increasing responsibilities and the role demands of the head teachers, enhancing parents and teachers' motivation, lack of resources (human, financial and material), coping with harsh weather conditions, and maintaining quality learning with crowded classes. Some strategies which are exercised by the head teachers to respond to their challenges were also discussed. It was evident through data that the head teachers frequently use motivational, problem solving, decision making, management and communication skills to cope with their role demands. The study is likely to contribute to the work of the head teachers of other organizations in the Northern Areas as they may implement the findings of the study in their schools. It also informs the school system to prepare their head teachers in ways best suited to face the contextual challenges.