Interaction of Household Wealth and Women’s Working Status on Child Malnutrition: Evidence from PDHS-2013

Theoretically, it is supposed that women’s working status and household wealth independently contribute towards the children’s dietary status. The working women of the inferior socio-economic class are generally engaged in the informal sector or low paid work. It may be argued that such kinds of service cannot contribute to the nutritious prestige in children. To solve this puzzle whether woman's working status in all socio-economic setups is contributing to children’s nutritional status or not? This is the main focus of the research. A sample data of 1169 households from PDHS (2012-13) are used to explore the influencing factors of child malnutrition. The study employed the binary logistic regression which observes the likelihood of malnutrition in the children. Malnutrition is measured through CIAF. The interaction terms of the woman’s working status and five quintiles of wealth index have been created. The results disclose that working women belonging to the household of the first two quintiles of the wealth index and the fourth quintile of the wealth index are not contributing to the nutritious prestige of the children. Furthermore, in the third quintiles, the working status of women contributes to the nutritional prestige of children. It may be inferred that the socioeconomic status of the household is important for the nutritional welfare of the children, not the woman's employment. However, it may be concluded that women’s employment should be of the level that can support the socio-economic status of the household.

Impact of Religiosity and Awareness of Islamic Banking on Selection of Islamic Banking

This study find the relationship between intrinsic, extrinsic religiosity and awareness About Islamic banking with selection of Islamic banking awareness selection of Islamic banking. The objective is tofind out that is there positive relationship between religiosity and selection of Islamic banking, also is there any positive relationship between awareness of Islamic banking and selection of Islamic banking. To conduct this research a survey is conducted through a questionnaire through a modified questionnaire developed after having literature review. This survey used sample of 500 respondents who are in capacity to make contract with bank. Data collected from the survey is filtered, screened out for outliers. Normality, linearity, Multicollinearity test and Heteroscedasticity tests applied to check appropriateness of data to run regression analysis. Multiple regression is tested on the model. Results show that most of the account holders are males by gender, employees by profession and want to deal with Islamic banks but currently mostly have conventional banking account. Intrinsic religiosity is high among the participants in comparison to other independent variable extrinsic religiosity and awareness of Islamic banking. The study reveals that extrinsic religiosity is very low among the participants and awareness of Islamic banking exist but at a low level. Research conclude that it is intrinsic religiosity which impact the most for selection of Islamic banking, banking customers in Pakistan have a low level of awareness of Islamic banking that's why they prefer Islamic banking but don't deal with Islamic banks. It is recommended that Islamic banks of Pakistan must put their resources to improve the level of awareness of banking customers of Pakistan and develop programs for awareness campaigns to make all the potential customers into active customers of Islamic banking.