Frequency diverse array (FDA) radars have gained exceptional attention from the researchers during the past decade, due to their unique range-angle and time modulated beampatterns. This range–angle dependent beampattern provides additional degrees of freedom in the spatial domain as compared to a conventional phased array radar that offers only an angle dependent beampattern. The range-angle- time dependent beampattern with the aid of advanced signal processing algorithms, has been exploited for interference suppression, beamforming, direction of arrival estimation, target tracking, and localization in radar environments. In this dissertation, utilizing the extra degrees of freedom in FDA, new beamforming schemes have been proposed. In linear frequency diverse array radars (LFDA), null steering in cognitive radar system has been proposed. This work is a ‘near to implementable form’ of cognitive radar system that offers a null steering solution both in range and angle dimensions. Similarly frequency offset selection based 3D adaptive transmit beamforming has been proposed for planar frequency diverse array radars (PFDA). The proposed scheme outsmarts other existing techniques in terms of concentrated maxima, deeper nulls and enhanced system signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR). Previous researches have focused largely on evaluating FDA system performance in uniform linear array (ULA) and uniform rectangular arrays. Despite the advantages and implementation convenience of other array geometries, they have not been extensively investigated. In this thesis, new geometries like “circular” and “elliptical” have also been explored in the domain of frequency diversity. Normally, 3D localization of targets can be achieved with PFDA, but investigation in this dissertation validates that uniform circular frequency diverse array (UCFDA) offers much sharper localization, improved directivity and better adaptive beamforming performance as compared to PFDA. Despite the fact that UCFDA offers much improved beamforming performance and signal to interference plus noise ratio than PFDA, circular geometry is a high side lobe geometry. Investigation into elliptical frequency diverse arrays (EFDA) reveals that, much better range selectivity and reduced side lobe levels can be achieved. Extending the domain of frequency diversity further, the thesis also focuses on UCFDA and EFDA with non-uniform frequency offset. The non-uniform function selected for this purpose is tangent hyperbolic function. The proposed systems not only offers a highly configurable type array system but also outsmarts the existing non-uniform frequency offset scheme in terms of significantly reduced side lobe levels.
نہ خط لکھوں نہ زبانی کلام تجھ سے رہے رہے بس اتنا شناسائی کا بھرم باقی نہ عہدِ ترکِ تعلق، نہ قربتیں پیہم یہی رہیں ترے نشتر، ترا طریق علاج نظر میں عکس فشاں ہو ترے جمال کی دھوپ اب اس سے بڑھ کے مجھے چاہیے بھی کیا آخر خاموشیوں کا یہی انتقام تجھ سے رہے اشارتاً ہی دعا و سلام تجھ سے رہے بس ایک ربطِ مسلسل، مدام تجھ سے رہے اسی طرح غمِ دل کو دوام تجھ سے رہے دیارِ جاں میں سدا رنگِ شام تجھ سے رہے دیارِ فن میں اگر میرا نام تجھ سے رہے
Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas pembelajaran daring mata kuliah fisika di perguruan tinggi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian studi literatur dengan mengambil referensi dari beberapa jurnal dan sumber pustaka dengan pemaparan secara naratif untuk melihat efektifitas pembelajaran daring di perguruan tinggi. Sebagai pendidik, dosen memanfaatkan berbagai media pembelajaran dan aplikasi digital yang diharapkan dapat terintegrasi pada pengalaman belajar mahasiswa dan tetap mengacu pada capaian pembelajaran dalam rencana pembelajaran semester (RPS). Fisika merupakan salah satu mata kuliah wajib. Pembelajaran daring pada mata kuliah fisika di perguruan tinggi memang cukup baik, namun memiliki kendala terhadap pemahaman terhadap materi fisika yang diajarkan oleh dosen di antaranya pembelajaran yang diberikan lebih dominan teoritis dan kegiatan praktikum tidak optimal dilaksanakan. Sehingga efektivitas pembelajaran daring mata kuliah fisika di perguruan tinggi dapat dikategorikan cukup efektif karena hasilnya tidak optimal.
The field of entrepreneurship is quickly evolving and matures as a discipline that gets considerable attention of researchers. One prevalent area of research in the discipline of entrepreneurship is investigating one’s intention to start a business, which is entrepreneurial intention. This is an important construct that warrants ongoing research because entrepreneurial intention is not only a great predictor of entrepreneurial behavior but also an important step in the process of becoming an entrepreneur. Objective of present study is to examine the relationship among proactive personality, emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention directly as well as indirectly by adding two mediators, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-regulation by using simple and multiple mediation models for the constructs. Present study is conducted to answer some questions like “to verify the relationship of proactive personality and emotional intelligence with entrepreneurial intention among university students?”, “to verify either both, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-regulation mediates the relationship between proactive personality and entrepreneurial intention and also between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial intention among university students?” Population of present study is the final year students enrolled in business administration programs in public sector universities of KP (A province of Pakistan). Due to homogeneous population, simple random sampling technique is used. Primary data is collected through adopted questionnaire having Likert type scales. Descriptive statistics comprising mean and standard deviation is used. Hypotheses concerning relationships, are tested using Pearson correlation. Similarly, as in present study simple and serial mediation both are involved so for simple mediation model # 4 while for serial mediation model # 6 by Preacher & Hayes, (2013) is used for analysis.