The living organisms possess several types of rhythms interacting with each other and the outside dynamic environment, under the control of incalculable feedback systems performing orderly function to enable life. The alternations in the rhythms of physiological system help us to obtain information about the current state of living systems having substantial diagnostic value in context of human health and disease.The human body emits rhythmic alterations in form of recordable signals called biological signals which reflects the, characteristics, state, properties and the information about the physiological parameter such as heart, brain, muscles and genes etc. The large body published literature suggested that heart rate signals are most widely explored biological signals during last four decades. The electrocardiography (ECG) is used to detect abnormalities in the cardiac rhythms during the onset of cardiovascular problems. The rhythms of heart started to change long before the onset of disease, for which long term ambulatory ECG (AECG) recording is required. Therefore, 24 h or 48 h AECG monitoring is becoming vitally important for early detection of abnormal events to prevent onset cardiovascular disease and in various clinical settings. The variations in the beat-to-beat intervals called heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the cardiac autonomic control of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), via its sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. Reduced heart rate variability has been associated with the onset of pathological disturbances, aging and early warning signs of impending disease.During the last three decades, many linear and non-linear HRV analysis techniques have been proposed for the extraction of information from cardiac inter-beat interval time series data. In the recent past, few studies have been conducted to find the relation between heart rate (HR) and HRV. These studies either did not investigate the relationship between HR and HRV quantitatively or only considered linear HRV measures to find quantitative relationship between HR and linear HRV parameters. Under usual physiologic conditions, heart is not periodic oscillator, the linear HRV measures may fail to provide account for transient fluctuations in the RR-interval data. The nonlinear HRV measures have been used in numerous studies to account for transient fluctuations in the heart. The one direction of the study was to investigate the relationship of both linear and nonlinear HRV measures with HR. The result revealed inverse relationship between HRV metrics and HR for human and animal heart rate time series data. Recently, researchers proposed the idea of multiscaling for extracting information from biological signals and validated that biological signals provide dynamically incorrect information at single time scale. The second direction of the study was to assess, how multiscaling procedures affect the relationship between HRV parameters and heart rate. The results revealed inverse correlation between HR and HRV parameter at threshold values 1 to 5. Furthermore, the study focused on improving the classification ability of sign series descriptor acceleration change index (ACI) and proposed novel sign series measures for charactering the dynamics of healthy and pathological subjects. The dynamical information encoded in the interbeat interval time series was examined using scale based ACI measures (MACI and CMACI). The proposed scale base ACI measures were compared with ACI for assessing the computational performance. The ANOVA, Bonferroni post-hoc test, AUC, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, FDR, FOR and total accuracy were used for assessing the performance of ACI and scale based ACI for classifying healthy and pathological subjects. The results reported in the study depicted that scale based acceleration change index measures showed better classification between pathological and healthy groups at wide range of temporal scales.
جگت دے رچے ساہت اُتے جھات پایے تاں اک حیرانی والا پکھ سامنے آؤندا اے کہ ہر ساہت دا مڈٖھلا ساہت تے وڈٖا بھنڈٖار دھرمی رنگن وچ رنگیا ملدا اے، ایس دا مکھ کارن کہ منکھی حیاتی دا کوئی پکھ وی دھرم دی ولگن توں باہر نئیں اے۔ دھرم جمن توں مرن تائیں ساہنوں ہر پکھ بارے کجھ نہ کجھ سکھاؤندا رہندا اے۔ دھرمی آگو جو پر چارک کم کردے نیں ، منکھ اوہناں وی حیاتی تے کم توں متاثروی ہوندا اے تے پریرینا وی لیندا اے۔ جے کر اوہناں دھرمی ہستیاں نے کوئی وڈا کم کیتا ہووے ، جو اتہاس وچ اج تئیں زندہ ہووے تاں ہر کوی تے لکھاری اوس نال اپنی عقیدت و محبت دا اظہار کرن لئی اوہناں دی شان وچ کجھ نہ کجھ لکھدا رہندا اے ۔ واقعہ کربلا اسلامی اتہاس دی اجیہی گھٹنا ہے، جس پوری منکھتا دی سوچ نوں متاثر کیتا ۔ ایس واقعہ توں بعد اسلام دھرم وچ کئی تحریکاں چلیاں تے کئی نویں خیالاں دا جنم ہویا ، ایہناں خیالاں نوں ظاہر کرن لئی کئی نویاں اصناف سخن دی سامنے آئیاں ، ہرنویں لکھاری تے کوی نے اپنے اپنے انداز وچ واقعہ کربلا دے شہیداں نوں بھرواں خراج عقیدت پیش کیتا۔ اجیہاکم کرن والیاں وچوں اک ناں ارشادڈیروی ہوراں داوی اے ، اوہناں اپنی عقیدت نوں بہت ای سوہنے ڈھنگ وچ سوہنے سرنانویں ’’رت، ریت رِدا‘‘ ہیٹھ پڑھن والے دے سامنے رکھیا لکھت دے سرنانویں وچ اک ادبی چاشنی موجودا اے ، جو پڑھن والے دی پوری توجہ اپنے ول کھچ دی اے۔ کربلا دی تتی ریت اتے ڈُلھن والے پوتر خون دی کہانی اکھاں سامنے آجاندی اے ۔ رِدا اسلامی رہتل دا اک شعار جس دی راکھی ہر سمے کیتے گئی تے کیتیی جاندی...
The intellectual heritage in British–India includes literature of Christian missionaries which focusses missionary perspective and the literature of Muslim missionary in response. In this Case, literature based on polemic method from both sides has become quite important. Specialists of Muslim Christian relations and religious students should be aware of debates of this ere. The criticism on Quran seems quite abundance on social media from opponents and enemies as well as their efforts are quite evident on minds of habitual valiance to precariousness and skepticism. That’s why, the preacher and student of Islamic religion should bring in light the effort being made by Muslim scholars in response to their claims. One of selected flowers in the caravan of Muslim scholars is Abu Mansoor Dehlvi (1902 AD). Tabjil al Tanzil is one of the prominent Quranic Interpretation which focuses on the replies to objections raised against Islam and Quran by Christians in Sub continent. In this paper, author tried to find out this un-published interpretation (as it is supposed) and analyzed its first part containing on surah al fatiha (manuscript). In the result, he finds that polemic method is prevailed. And objections against Islam has been silently condemned.
In the Pakistani society, leadership is considered as a male attribute, as it is associated with the masculine traits such as authority and control. This assumption not only affects women's entry into leadership positions, but it also affects men who opt for this position, as they are expected to behave in a way that is considered masculine. However, current leadership theories demand leaders to be more collaborative and caring and possess people-oriented traits that are commonly associated with women. Literature on leadership in Pakistan are silent about whether male and female school leaders lead their schools in similar or different ways. This study sought to explore the similarities and differences in leadership styles of a male and a female head teacher. The study employed a case study approach. Information was gathered through individual interviews, focus group interviews, document analysis and observations. One male head teacher and one female head teacher from private secondary schools in Karachi were the primary participants of the study. Four teachers and four students from each school were interviewed to find out their views about their head teachers, data were triangulated from gathering their head teachers' views and from other sources like document analysis and observation. The findings of the study suggest that the male head teacher and the female head teacher exhibit similar styles of leadership. They execute a combination of leadership styles according to the demand of the situation and these range from transactional to transformational styles of leadership. The data evidenced that both the head teachers emphasized on teaching and learning process in their schools. They have developed a learning environment not only for the students but also for the teachers. They have delegated power and authority to the staff and the students. The findings also suggest that leaders are not born but they are developed, as various factors are involved in enhancing their leadership skills and knowledge: training programs, availability of role models, socialization and experiences of being led by others. The study makes several recommendations: i) the need to re-culture the stereotyping associated with the notion of leadership and leadership positions and ii) providing head teachers with an opportunity to access training programs to develop their skills as leaders.