جابر علی سید
جابر علی سید(۱۹۲۳ئ۔۱۹۸۵ئ) سیالکوٹ میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۴۲ء میں ادیب فاضل کیا اور بنگلور چلے گئے۔ جہاں اپنے بھائی تراب علی کے ساتھ انگریزوں کو اردوپڑھاتے رہے۔ عالمی جنگ ختم ہونے کے بعد سیالکوٹ چلے آئے۔۱۹۴۷ء میں اورینٹل کالج سے فارسی میں ایم۔اے کیا۔ اس کالج میں آپ نے ڈاکٹر سید عبداللہ اور صوفی تبسم جیسے اساتذہ سے کسبِ فیض کیا۔ ۱۹۵۳ء میںگورنمنٹ کالج جھنگ میں فارسی کے لیکچرار مقرر ہوئے۔(۷۹۷)
جابر علی سید ایک اچھے شاعر، ادیب، نقاد ،محقق ،ماہر لسانیات و عروض اور مشفق متواضع اُستاد تھے۔ جابر علی سید کی وفات کے بعد حمید اختر فائق نے ان کے شعری مجموعے کو ’’موجِ آہنگ ‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۹۹ء میں مرتب کر کے شائع کیا۔
جابر علی سید کے دور کے شعرا صنفِ نظم میں شاعری کر رہے تھے۔ آزاد شاعری کے لیے نئے نئے تجربات کیے جارہے تھے۔ جابر نے بھی نظم میں خیالات و افکار کو ڈھالنا شروع کر دیا تھا۔ نظم کے ساتھ آپ نے غزل کو بھی اپنایا۔ آپ غزل کی فطری دلکشی ،اس کی اہمیت و افادیت سے پوری طرح واقف تھے۔اس لیے آپ نے غزل گوئی کو ذریعہ اظہار بنایا۔ ان کی پہلی غزل ادبی دنیا میں شائع ہوئی۔(۷۹۸)آپ نے اردو غزل میں ہیئت اور بحر کے نئے نئے تجربے کیے۔ اس لیے کہ آپ علم عروض سے دلچسپی رکھتے تھے۔ آپ نے اردو میں بعض بحروں کو روشناس کروایا۔ آپ نے اپنی غزلوں میں نئے الفاظ، نئے محاورے اور نئی ترکیبیں استعمال کیں۔ اُن کی غزلوں میں اُن کی شخصیت کی بہت سی داخلی کیفیات اور ان کے شعور و لا شعور میں اٹھنے والے ہنگاموں اور طوفانوں کا ذکرملتا ہے۔انھوں نے اپنی شاعری میں زبان کی صفائی ،شائستگی اور عمدگی پر پوری توجہ دی۔ جب وہ مروجہ لفظوں کے ساتھ ساتھ نئی تراکیب اور شعری ترنم...
Background: Determination of age depends upon physical examination, dental assessment, and skeletal evaluation. The radiological examination of bone for appearance and fusion of ossification centers helps in the assessment of skeletal maturity as the process occurs in a particular sequence which is almost constant for that particular bone. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the age of fusion of iliac crest by radiological examination of subjects of age bracket 17-25 years coming to Shalamar Hospital Lahore Methods: In this cross-sectional study, radiological examinations (Digital X-Rays) were performed to evaluate the fusion of Iliac Crest in 200 subjects of both genders of 17 – 25 years. Data analysis was done using SPSS Version 23. Conclusions were drawn and compared with available results of previous work done in this field. Results: Out of 200 subjects, there were 132 males (66 %) and 68 females (34%). The mean ± SD age of both genders was 20.41± 2.55. There were 93 cases (70.45%) of complete fusion among males, showing 100 % union in the age groups of 21-25 years, while 40 cases (58.83%) of complete union among females were observed during 20-25 year of age groups. The mean ± SD age of complete union for males was 20.67± 2.61 years and for females 19.90 ± 2.38 years, with a significant p value of <0.05. Similarly, a statistically significant difference was observed among people of different socio-economic statuses. No difference was observed among different ethnic groups. Conclusions: The fusion of the iliac crest is not affected by ethnicity. Factors like diet and nutrition directly affect bone growth and hence bone age. More studies should be conducted across the country to formulate a standard in setting up a uniform criterion for assessing the age of adolescents
Bt transgenic cotton, being a vital part of pest management effectively controls the target pest, Helicoverpa armigera. However, the success of Bt technology depends on the persistent vulnerability of target pests to Bt insecticidal protein The results of field studies exhibited a parallel trend of H. armigera egg laying in all six cultivars whereas larval incidence found minimum in dual toxin genotype followed by single Bt genotypes (FH-118 followed by FH-Lalazar, MNH-886 and FH-142, respectively) and maximum on non-Bt (FH-942) at Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur during both study years. The baseline susceptibility of H. armigera larvae conducted in 2013, showed LC50 ranging from 0.123 to 1.026 µg ml-1, 0.148 to 1.675 µg ml-1 and 0.210 to 2.761 µg ml-1, against 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae respectively to susceptible and field collected populations (Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur). These results gave an indication that Bahawalpur population was found 8.34, 11.32 and 14.71-fold resistant, followed by Multan (5.54, 7.44 and 8.99 fold) and Faisalabad population (4.08, 4.88 and 5.23 fold), for 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae respectively in comparison with susceptible population. The MIC50 was 0.003 to 0.006 µg ml-1, 0.009 to 0.088 µg ml-1 and 0.014 to 0.206 µg ml-1 for 1st, 2nd and 3rd instar larvae respectively. whereas highest number of BWP population survived and showed resistance (23.33, 9.77 and 14.71-fold), MLT (10.67, 5.88 and 6.21) and FSD (6.67, 2.44 and 2.71 fold). This lethal concentration increased gradually and similar trend were found during 2014. In case of detached plant bioassay, 1st and 2nd instar larvae were found to be more susceptible and highest mortality was recorded on different plants parts of CEMB33 (leaves > square > flower > bolls), compared with single Bt cotton genotypes (FH-118 > FH-Lalazar > MNH-886 > FH-142, respectively). All 1st and 2nd instar larvae were unable to pupate. The order of mortality was: susceptible > Faisalabad > Multan > Bahawalpur. In case of bioassay on 3rd, 4th and 5th instar, the percent mortality and female longevity was consistently decreased whereas the pupation, adult emergence, fecundity and male longevity was consistently increased. The data also indicated that 1st instar neonate died (i.e. 100% cumulative mortality) after one day, three days and six days when assayed by 4, 1 and 0.25 µg ml-1 toxin respectively. However, maximum survival was recorded when neonate assayed at 25ᴼC followed by 45, 30, 35 and 40ᴼC, in case of all preceding concentrations (0.063, 0.016 and 0.004). The pupation (%), adult emergence (%), pupal weight (mg), larval and pupal duration (days) was recorded maximum at 25ᴼC followed by 45, 30, 35 and 40ᴼC. The Relative Enhanced Toxicity Factor was increased gradually and consistently up to 40ᴼC but decreased suddenly when assayed at 45ᴼC, in case of LC50 and LC90 estimation.The results of asymmetric fluctuation indicated that right side of tibia, fore wing and hind wing length was larger than the left side. However, the susceptible population possess minimum length of tibia, fore wing and hind wing than population of Faisalabad, Multan and Bahawalpur. The data showed that all the morphological traits including FMR ratio was found maximum from Bahawalpur population followed by Multan, Faisalabad and susceptible population.