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Context Addition in Wireless Sensor Networks

Thesis Info

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Author

Hussain, Majid

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2016

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12954/1/Majid%20Hussain_CS_2016_UET_lhr_Main%20part.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727719797

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The property of any artifact for being aware of its physical environment or situation and responding in a proactive and intelligent manner is the Context Awareness typically realized through Context Aware Applications (CAA)—an exceptional genus of WSNs. Although almost each CAA follows sense-decide-adapt cycle, the notion of context is hardwired into the applications. In such sort of mechanism when an event is triggered the sense-decide-actuate cycle runs and performs the required actuation. In the situations, for instance, whenever the same event is triggered, the cycle produces same actuation by using same context semantics, situational recognition, perception and adaptation, posing same processing load, delay and mechanical use of resources for acquiring same amount of actuation. In this thesis we propose CRAM, a context added system in which the actuations once performed by the system help the system to internally evolve by serving as new contexts. As the system is exposed to more situations overtime, its context repository is enriched through such retrospective contexts, gradually letting it perform internal actuation through improved introspective contexts. This internal actuation leads the system towards the evolution of intelligent processing by reducing the independent function of decision in sense-decide-actuate cycle and merging it with new context. Finally it reaches at a juncture where the recurrence of each event proves to be a stimuli that stimulates the system to respond through primed memory of introspective contexts achieving an imitation of learned reflex action and a cut through processing paradigm along with reduced time and energy expenditure. Through analytical modeling and prototype implementation, the performance of CRAM is substantiated. The implementation of reflex arc is shown to provide the same level of accuracy for visual context processing as that of contemporary context aware systems with more than 10 times improvement in responsiveness.
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محمد مسلم

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The study aims at exploring the notion of human rights through investigating the attitude of university teachers and students (prospective teachers) towards global issues pertaining to human rights in Pakistan. The overall strategy for the current study is based on survey research design. From a methodological standpoint, mixed method paradigm (survey method and case-study) is used to gain quantitative and qualitative responses. Through stratified random sampling, total sample n=600, i.e., 520 students (prospective teachers), currently pursuing degree in education (B.Ed/M.Ed), and 80 teachers, currently teaching prospective teachers at public or private university were selected from 12 universities and four affiliated colleges of Sindh, Pakistan. For qualitative data, n=20 respondents were selected through purposive sampling. The quantitative data was collected using Human Rights Attitude Scale (HRAS), adapted from Attitudes toward Human Rights Inventory, ATHRI (Narvaez, Thoma & Getz, 2006) and Human Rights Questionnaire (Veizades et al., 1995). The adapted scale was validated through content validity, while Cronbach’s Alpha was statistically applied to check internal consistency (calculated as .90). For qualitative data, in-depth knowledge was inquired through focused group interviews. For ethical considerations, institutions and participants were informed about the research study through explanatory letter and informed consent was signed voluntarily. Overall, 96 hypotheses were tested using statistical tests (t-test and chi-square), while qualitative data was analyzed using themes. The study yields that there is a significant difference in the attitude of university students and teachers towards global issues pertaining to human rights (computed value of t= 6.22). There is a significant difference in the attitude of university students and teachers towards social security (t= 6.02) and civilian constraints (t= 4.92), while there is no significant difference towards personal liberties (t= 1.09). Significant differences are drawn among teachers on the basis of travelling, social/political affiliation, human rights training and experience, while significant differences are drawn among students on the basis of working status, location, schooling and last qualification. For item-by-item analysis, sixty hypotheses were tested out of which, forty hypotheses were rejected. From qualitative data, it was derived that students and teachers face multiple issues pertaining to human rights, which result in scarcity of expressing ideas in solving global issues pertaining to human rights. The respondents are not satisfied with the current state of human rights in Pakistan. Respondents emphasized on the role of teacher, education and higher education institution as a concrete ladder to foster positive changes in society. All the respondents highlighted the importance of incorporating global dimension in teacher education (TE) curriculum, but at the same time identified the missing gaps. Based on the results, suggestions and recommendations are submitted as supplements at the end