With widespread use of Internet and other communication technologies, it has become extremely easy to reproduce, communicate, and distribute digital contents. As a result, authentication and copyright protection issues have arisen. Text is the most extensively used medium travelling over the Internet besides image, audio, and video. The major part of books, newspapers, web pages, advertisement, research papers, legal documents, letters, novels, poetry, and many other documents is simply the plain text. Copyright protection of plain text is a significant issue which cannot be condoned. The existing solution for watermarking of plain text documents are not robust towards random tampering attacks and are inapplicable for numerous domains. In this thesis, we have proposed a zero-watermarking approach towards text watermarking. We have provided a number of text watermarking solutions using inherent constituents of text such as double letters, prepositions, words, sentences, and text structure to protect text against digital forgery. We have designed a corpus having text of variable length and diversity; containing original as well as attacked samples with various volumes and forms of attacks. Instead of using binary watermarks on text, we used alphabetical, image, and hybrid watermarks. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms on text encountering combined insertion, deletion, and re-ordering attacks, both in the dispersed and localized forms. The results are also compared with the recent work on text watermarking.
مولانا عبدالسمیع گزشتہ ماہ کاالم ناک سانحہ دارالعلوم دیوبند کے قدیم تر استاذ حضرت مولانا عبدالسمیع صاحب ؒ کی وفات ہے۔مولانا مرحوم کئی ماہ سے علالت کے امتداد واشتداد کی تکلیفیں اٹھا رہے تھے، بالآخر ۱۰/صفر المظفرکو ہمیشہ کے لیے اس جہان فانی سے رخصت ہوگئے۔ مرحوم حضرت مولانا میاں سید اصغر حسین صاحبؒ کے مخصوص ہم سبقوں میں تھے اوربزرگوں کی خوبیوں اورخصوصیتوں کے جامع، بڑے با وضع، بڑے سادہ مزاج اوردارالعلوم کے اساتذہ میں بعض اوصاف کے لحاظ سے بے عدیل و بے مثیل۔ پیرانہ سالی اورغیر معمولی نقاہت کے باوجود جب درس دیتے تھے تو معلوم ہوتا تھا کوئی تازہ دم اور بلندآواز مدرس پورے شوق و انہماک کے ساتھ طلبہ سے مصروف تخاطب ہے۔ مولانا کا طرزتعلیم عام فہم بھی تھا اوردل پذیر بھی، پڑھاتے پڑھاتے بہت سی کتابوں کے حافظ ہوگئے تھے۔اُن کے تلامذہ میں آج بڑے بڑے مدرس بھی ہیں اورباکمال مصنف اورانشاء پرداز بھی۔ ندوۃ المصنفین کے تقریباً تمام بڑے بڑے رفقاء کوآپ سے شرف تلمذ حاصل ہے۔اﷲ تعالیٰ مرحوم کے مراتب بلند فرمائے۔ہمیں اس حادثۂ عظیم میں مولانا مرحوم کے اکلوتے صاحبزادے مولوی عبدالاحد صاحب مدرس دارالعلوم دیوبند سے دلی ہمدردری ہے اورہم اُن کے شریک غم ہیں۔ امید ہے مولوی صاحب موصوف اپنے والد کے صحیح قائم مقام ثابت ہوں گے۔ [فروری ۱۹۴۷ء]
Allama Shabbir Ahmed Uthmani was one of the prominent religious personalities who made efforts for islamization in Pakistan. So far as the major slogan in 1946 elections were to have a separate homeland of the Muslims where they may be able to live according to the Islamic values. It means Islam was the real power behind the struggle for Pakistan in 1947. After the making of Pakistan a religious scholar Allama Shabbir Ahmed Uthmani presented his services for isalmization in Pakistan as in this respect he had a unique role for the enforcement of Islamic system in Pakistan. Maulana Shabbir Ahmed Uthmani wants to see the constitution of Pakistan to be the leading document towards religious state. In this respect Allama Shabbir Ahmed Uthmani made critical efforts for designing the constitution of Pakistan which was finally approved by the Constitutional Assembly of Pakistan.
We calculate absorbtion cross-sections of B c mesons by π and ρ mesons with and without form factor including anomalous processes using meson exchange model. For calculating absorption cross sections of J/ψ − π, J/ψ − ρ and J/ψ − kaon, this approach has been used. After the suggestion for charmonium and bottomonium, it has been also suggested for heavy mixed flavor mesons that their production rate would be affected in the presence of quark gluon plasma. The enhancement of Bc production is expected due to QGP formation in heavy-ion experiments. However, in heavy-ion collisions it is also expected that the production rate of Bc meson can be affected due to the interaction with comovers. For the case of J/ψ absorption this problem has been studied quite extensively. The examination of Bc + hadron cross-section is important for extending this study to Bc. To have unambiguous interpretation of the the observed signal, the information of dissociation cross section is also important. In this work the absorption cross section of Bc meson are calculated with and without form factor, related cut-off parameters and using suitable choice of coupling constants. The total absorption cross section of Bc meson with form factor by π meson σBcπ in this work varies from 2.42 − 20.7 mb and σBcρ is found to be in the range of 0.72 − 4.6 mb. Thermal average cross-sections of Bc are evaluated with form factor when cut off parameter is 1 and 2 GeV. Using these thermal average cross-sections in kinetic model, time evolution of Bc meson is studied. This model is based on a schematic hydrodynamic description of expanding hadronic matter formed from central Au+Au collision at RHIC. We found that Bc mesons abundance are affected by almost 8% and 11% by final state interaction when cutoff parameter Λ = 1 and 2 GeV, respectively.