کتابیات
بنیادی ماخذات
٭ شاہد رضوان ،ادھوری کہانی کی تصویر،دانیال پبلشرز، چیچہ وطنی،2020ء
٭ شاہد رضوان ،آوازیں،سانجھ پبلشرز ،لاہور، ،2015ء
٭ شاہد رضوان،پتھر کی عورت ،دانالل پبلشرز،چچہا وطنی،جنوری2010ء
٭ شاہد رضوان،پہلا آدمی،دانا،ل پبلشرز،چچہ، وطنی،2013ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھاد، لمحوں کی قدل،محکمہ ادبی مرکز،شادمان ٹاؤن،ساہویال2008ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھا،،سرسوں کے پھول،ناصر بک سنز ،لاہور،2019ء
٭ مہر غلام فرید کاٹھا،،سفدو تتلونں کا ہار،ساہومال2021ء
ثانوی ماخذات
٭ 1958Robison Quinn Afred a knops, New York, Third Edition,
٭ Steinberg S.H.,(Ed) Encyclopedia of Literature, vol.1.1953
٭ابو الخیر کشفی، سید، ادب اور قومی شعور، مشمولہ ، پاکستانی ادب ، جلد اول ، مرتبین ، رشید امجد ، فاروق علی، ایف جی سر سید کا لج، روالپنڈی، مئی 1981ء
٭اسلم جمشید پوری ، ڈاکٹر،اردو افسانہ تعبیر و تنقید ، نئی دہلی ، ماڈرن پبلشرز ہاؤس ، 2006ء
٭پروین اظہر، ڈاکٹر، اردو میں مختصر افسانہ نگاری کی تنقید، علی گڑھ ، ایجوکیشنل بک ہا ؤس۔
٭رشید امجد ، ڈاکٹر، پاکستانی ادب (مرتبہ)،اسلام آباد، اکادمی ادبیات پاکستان ، 2009 ء
٭زینب النسا،نئے افسانے کے موضوعات مشمولہ:روحِ ادب،جلد 14،شمارہ51۔
٭سبینہ اویس ، ڈاکٹر ، افسانہ شناسی ، فیصل آباد ، مثال پبلشرز ، 2015ء
٭شہزاد منظر، جدید اردو افسانہ (تنقید ) ، کراچی ، منظر پبلشرز ، 1982ء
٭صغیرا افراہیم ، پروفیسر، اردو افسانہ ترقی پسند تحریک سے قبل ،علی گڑھ ، ایجوکیشنل بک ہا ؤس ،طبع دوم ، 2009ء
٭طاہر طیب ، ڈاکٹر ، لاہور میں اردو افسانے کی روایت، فیصل آباد ، مثال پبلشرز، 2015ء
٭عارف ثاقب ، ڈاکٹر ، بیسویں صدی کا ادبی طرز احساس ، لاہور ، کتاب نما ، 1999ء
٭عائشہ سلطانہ ، ڈاکٹر، مختصر اردو افسانے کا سماجیاتی مطالعہ (1947ء سے تا حال) ، دہلی ، ایجوکیشنل پبلشرز ہاؤس
٭فوزیہ اسلم ، ڈاکٹر، اردو افسانے میں اسلوب اور تکنیک کے تجربات، اسلام آباد، نیشنل یونیورسٹی...
The research examines socio-cultural stereo-typed beliefs and customs of Pakistani society regarding women’s conjugal rights and reproductive health. Islamic teachings recognize and ensure both categories of women rights; general and specific. Islam has acknowledged man and woman as equal and equivalent partners of the family system. There mutual cooperation lays the foundation of a peaceful, prosperous and healthy society. According to Islamic injunctions, the socio-economic environment of the society must ensure mutual trust, matrimonial harmony, and respect of rights for both men and women. The social norms need consistent evolution to be conducive to a happy life of individuals. It goes without saying that population growth must go hand in hand with papulation planning while prosperity is directly proportional to proper management of both human and economic resources. The present article analyzes the social stereo-types about women, their conjugal rights, family planning and care for women’s reproductive health, in the light of guidance provided by Qur’an and Sunnah. Islam.
The present project was planned to study the reproductive biology and induced spawning of Channa marulius in captivity. Planned study completed in three trials. In the 1st trial fingerlings were kept in (90’x70’x4’) replicate ponds. There were two treatments and a control pond. Treatment 1 had 40% protein and Treatment 2 had 50% protein while control had the lowest level of 30% protein. The results showed that the maximum dietary protein levels in the feed and occasional sorting of Channa marulius fry had a positive impact on growth, survival with reduction in cannibalism in the earthen ponds. The maturation cycle and reproductive biology studied by sacrificing replicate sample of fishes in each month. Like earlier trial feeds with different protein levels were offered to fish. Diet with the highest protein again showed superiority in growth and development of gonads in both male and female Channa marulius. Adult Channa marulius average size (948.02±4.74g) collected from brood stock earthen ponds. The fish fed regularly 40% protein diet at 5% of their body weight for the period of 365 days. Close to the breeding season males attained 1100-1340 g weight while females attained 1150 to 1350g. Mature males and females identified based on their external morphology. In the breeding of Channa marulius, different doses of Ovaprim (Syndel International Inc., Canada) hormones i.e. 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.4 ml/kg body weight injected to Channa marulius, and in the second dose 0.2 and 0.7 ml/kg were inject to male and female respectively. Channa marulius failed to spawn with the sole injection of Ovaprim. However, when ovaprim combined with fresh pituitary gland and /or other hormone analogues, fish spawned successfully. In another experiment, the effect of different dietary protein levels on the spawning success of Channa marulius evaluated. Broodstok fish fed on diet containing 40%CP, 35%CP and 30%CP levels collected from respective earthen pond, acclintized in hatchery tanks and injected with ovaprim. This breeding experiment revealed that 40% protein containing diet not only improved brood stock health, enhanced growth, advanced maturation (gonad development) but also increased fish fecundity. Different synthetic hormones administered with different combination and doses. Broodstock fish selected for induced spawning from 40%CP containing feed treatment. HCG, HMG and Ovaprim were injected in the following combinations; HCG+Ovaprim (0.3+0.5ml/kg body weight), HCG+HMG (0.3+0.5ml/kg body weight), and Ovaprim +HMG (0.3+0.5ml/kg body weight). The findings of this experiment this experiment depicted that a combination of human chorionic gonadotropin + human menopausal gonadotropin (HMG) and Ovaprim+ HCG are effective and reliable synthetic hormones for the induction of ovulation in Channa marulius and can be helpful in spawning and stock replenishment programs.