Home > Developing an Information and Communcation Technologys Acceptance Model in the Context of Social Environment and Measuring the Performance Using Fuzzy Models
Developing an Information and Communcation Technologys Acceptance Model in the Context of Social Environment and Measuring the Performance Using Fuzzy Models
Despite significant investments in information technology in developing nations like Pakistan over recent decades, concern still exists over the extent to which such expenditures have produced the intended benefits. At least part of this concern is based around the issue of how information technology and information systems are accepted by the intended users. The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) provides us with the fundamental frame work to analyse the acceptance of Information Systems from a behavioural perspective. In this study, we intend to enhance and classify the variables of the existing TAM to account for their importance so that organizations and institutions can rely on this classification to focus on the most important variables for quicker and smooth adoption of technology. Especially in the context of developing countries’ dynamics, the technology acceptance variables will be explored. A classification of the technology acceptance variables has been developed. This is the first of its kind classification based on the random Fuzzy (Burney, Ali, & Mahmood, 2012) Forest model, which in comparison with other fuzzy techniques has given better results for classification. To analyse the results, different statistical methods have been used. The study also involves extensive field study as well as data collection and data-mining techniques to analyse and identify multi-dimensional patterns in data. Measures of social influence on/of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) will also be identified and a suitable Technology Implementation Model will also be developed. For this purpose, the case of smart watch dissemination in Pakistan will be used and appropriate model to enhance user acceptance of smart watch technology will be proposed. This thesis focuses on the acceptance and adoption of smartwatches, specifically in Pakistan. While there are several research studies on the subject of wearable technology, many do not emphasize a specific piece of wearable technology like the smartwatch. Either that or they are focused on the utilization of these wearable products where fitness tracking, healthcare, biometric sensors and other such applications are discussed. It is important that an innovation be understood from the user’s perspective, especially in its Page 3 of 155 early stages when knowledge of consumer requirements is insufficient. Smartwatch studies should be audience driven instead of technology driven which is the situation in most cases. Because the innovation is made for the user therefore should revolve around not what the technology is capable of but if it fulfils the needs and requirements of the users. Hence, this quantitative research aims to fill that gap and identify the factors that influence people’s intention to use a smartwatch along with the discussion of wearable and smart technology, its history, its advantages and disadvantages, different technology acceptance and adoption frameworks as well as their comparison. In addition to that, a model is proposed along with the respective hypotheses to examine the adoption and acceptance of smartwatches and for validation analyses conducted on the data gathered. A classification of the technology acceptance variables has been developed. This is the first of its kind classification based on the random Fuzzy Forest model, which in comparison with other fuzzy techniques has given better results for classification.
اک درخت اتے اک چڑی تے اک کاں رہندے سن۔ اوہ دونویں گوہڑے دوست تے گوانڈھی وی سن۔ اوہناں دونواں رل کے سوچیا کہ کیوں نہ کنک بیج لئی جاوے۔ اگلے دن متھے ہوئے ویلے تے چڑی نے کاں نوں ہل چلاون لئی کھیت جاون دا آکھیا۔ کاں نے اوہنوں جواب دتا:
ٹاہلی اتے آواں گا
جھنکنے چھنکاواں گا
توں چل میں آواں گا
چڑی چلے جاندی اے۔ کاں نہیں جاندا۔ چڑی نوں ہل اکلا ای چلانا پیندا اے۔ کجھ دناں بعد بی بیجن دی واری آندی اے۔ چڑی نے کاں نوں مڑ کھیت جاون لئی آکھیا۔ پر کاں نے پہلے والا ای جواب دتا۔ چڑی نوں ایہہ کم وی اکلے ای کرنا پیا۔ کجھ دناں بعد جدوں فصل نوں پانی لاون دا ویلا آیا تاں چری نے کاں نوں مڑ کھیت جاون لئی آکھیا۔ کاں نے اوہو جواب دتا تے کھیت نہ گیا۔ چڑی اکلے ای کھیت نوں پانی لاہ کے گھر پرت آئی۔ جدوں فصل نوں گوڈی کرن، کھاد پاون تے واڈھی کرن دا ویلا آندا اے۔ کاں نئیں جاندا۔ چڑی نوں ایہہ سارے کم اکلے ای کرنے پیندے نیں۔
جدوں ساری کنک وڈی گئی تاں کاں ڈر کے کھیت جاندا اے تے ساری کنک آپ رمکھ کے توڑی چڑی نوں دے دیندا اے۔ چری اوہدے کولوں اپنے حصے دے دانے منگدی اے پر کاں نہیں دیندا۔ فیر اک دن بہت زور دی مینہ پیندا اے تے چڑی اپنا گھر توڑی وچ بنا لیندی اے تے کاں کولوں دانیاں دا گھر نہئیں بندا۔ کاں چڑی نوں اپنے گھر پناہ دیون لئی آکھدا۔ چڑی انکار کر دیندی اے۔ کاں باہر مینہ وچ پجھدا رہندا اے تے اخیر ٹھنڈ نال مر جاندا اے۔ سویرے چڑی...
Issuing Fatwa is much important in the field of Islamic Theology. At least one of the contemporary famous three methodologies in the field of Fatwa for the mufti to adopt is necessary; as it leads mufti to extract ruling from the text of Holy Qur᾽ān or Sunnah of the Holy Prophet (ﷺ) and from what the Muslim Jurists have agreed upon. A thorough study of the book Fatāwā Ahl Ḥadīth has been conducted in this study in order to highlight the characteristics and main features which distinguish the method of the author, ‘Abdullāh Muḥaddith Rōpaṟi, a prominent scholar of his time in the main stream of Ahl e Ḥadīth, from other scholars of his time in issuing fatwa. The study approves that the author has adopted the depth has and (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet Holy the of companions the of method understanding of the primary sources i. E. Holy Book Qur᾽ān, Sunnah and Ijmā‘, and secondary sources i. E. Qiyās and custom and vice versa and he has given best solutions to the matters posed to him at his time on the basis of textual and rational evidences which ultimately influenced people and made them to accept the author as an authority in his field.. His prominent work also tells us that he has expertise in the fields of Islamic literature, Islamic Jurisprudence, Ḥadīth and Tafsīr. Therefore, his book regarding fatwa has got admired by the scholars of the Subcontinent of all the main streams. Also in the court of Law in the country the book has been considered as a referencing book.
The dairy industry is associated with the production of contaminated waste water. The whey disposal remains a serious pollution problem for dairy industry, particularly in developing countries. Direct disposal of whey in the environment creates serious pollution problems, it destroys the physical and chemical structure of soil which decreases the crops yield and if discarded in water bodies, it reduces the aquatic life. The best solution to this environmental problem is the enzymatic hydrolysis of whey by using β-galactosidase which catalyses the hydrolysis of lactose (main constituent of whey) into its basic monomers, glucose and galactose. β-galactosidase can be obtained from different sources like plants, animals and microorganisms whereas bacterial β-galactosidase is generally regarded as safe. The basic aim of present research is to investigate the utilization of dairy industrial waste (cheese whey) as a substrate for the biosynthesis of β-galactosidase to convert environmental waste into useful biomaterial from a noval β-galactosidase producing bacterial isolate from Antarctica. Two hundred and thirty five isolates were obtained from five samples (ice, water and microbial mats) collected from different sites of Antarctica and screened for their ability to produce β-galactosidase by using X-gal. A total of 61 bacterial isolates which turned blue on X-gal were then cultured in R2 medium and Marine medium aseptically at 10˚C for one month. The most potent bacterial isolates were identified using a polyphasic taxonomical approach. Cells were found strictly aerobic, Gram negative, rod shaped, motile and formed creamy white, half transparent colonies. Growth occurred at 4°C to 28°C with an optimum at 20°C, with 0 – 5.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 - 1.0 %) and at pH 4.0 – 11.0 (optimum at pH 7.0 - 9.0). The major fatty acid was C18:1 ω7c. Respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The DNA G+C content was 60.7 %. The polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylmethanolamine in addition to three unidentified lipids, one unknown glycolipid, and five unidentified phospholipids. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed highest sequence similarity (98.1 %) to Pararhizobium giardinii H152T, P. herbae CCBAU 83011T, and “P. polonicum” F5.1T. In silico average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance calculator (GGDC) showed 81.1 % identity (ANI) and 22.6 % identity (GGDC) to the closest relative, “P. polonicum” F5.1T. On the basis of phenotypic, phylogenetic, genomic and chemotaxonomic data, the two strains xii represent a novel species of the genus Pararhizobium, for which the name Pararhizobium antarcticum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NAQVI 59T LSRP00000000 (=DSMZ 103442T = LMG29675T). Strains NAQVI-58 and NAQVI-59T showed the highest enzyme production (0.21 U/ml) for strain NAQVI-58 and (0.33 U/ml) for strain NAQVI-59 with cheese whey as a substrate at pH (7), 28 ˚C and after 48 hours of incubation respectively. In this study, a new Pararhizobium sp. is discovered by using dairy industrial waste cheese whey as a substrate which is further used for the production of β-galactosidase.