غلام محمد صاحب (گورنر جنرل پاکستان)
افسوس ہے کہ غلام محمد صاحب گورنر جنرل پاکستان نے ایک طویل علالت کے بعد انتقال کیا، وہ نہ صرف اپنے عہدوں بلکہ دل و دماغ کے لحاظ سے بھی اس دور کے نامور لوگوں میں تھے، خصوصاً مالیات کے بڑے ماہر تھے، ایک زمانہ میں حکومت ہند اور ریاست حیدرآباد میں فنانس کے بڑے بڑے عہدوں پر ممتاز رہے تھے اور ہر جگہ اپنی مہارت فن کا ثبوت دیا، پاکستان کی گورنر جنرلی کے زمانہ میں ان کی سیاسی اور دماغی قابلیتیں نمایاں ہوئیں، چنانچہ انھوں نے بڑے نازک موقعوں پر پاکستان کی حکومت کو اپنی ہوشمندی اور قوت سے خطرات سے بچایا اور اس کے استحکام کی کوشش کی، گو ان کے بعض اقدام آمرانہ تھے، لیکن پاکستان جیسے ڈاواں ڈول سیاست والے ملک کے لیے ایسے ہی مضبوط لیڈر بلکہ ایک اچھے ڈکٹیٹر کی ضرورت ہے، اس کے بغیر اس کو استحکام نہیں ہوسکتا۔
ان کی قابلیتوں کے ساتھ ان کی ذات مختلف حیثیتوں سے بڑی غنیمت تھی، وہ پنجابی تھے لیکن ان کی تعلیم علی گڑھ میں ہوئی تھی، پھر ملازمت کے سلسلہ میں عرصہ تک دلی اور لکھنو میں رہے، اس لیے اس صوبہ کے لوگوں سے ان کے بڑے تعلقات تھے، پنڈت جواہر لال نہرو بھی ان کے دوستوں میں تھے، اس لیے قدرۃً اس کا اثر دونوں ملکوں کی سیاست پر بھی پڑتا تھا، چنانچہ غلام محمد صاحب مرحوم کی گورنر جنرلی کے زمانہ میں دونوں ملک ایک دوسرے کے بہت قریب آگئے تھے، جس کی توقع نئے اور اجنبی لوگوں سے نہیں ہوسکتی، مذہبی حیثیت سے راسخ العقیدہ بلکہ خوش عقیدہ مسلمان تھے، حج و زیارت سے بھی مشرف ہوئے تھے، حاجی وارث علی قدس سرہ سے ان کو بڑی عقیدت تھی، چنانچہ اپنی گورنر جنرلی کے زمانہ میں وہ ان کے مزار...
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are major sector in Indian economy in relation with GDP (Gross Domestic Product), Export and Employment generation for the country. According to Ministry of Statistic and Programme Implementation (MOSPI), the share of MSME for Gross Value Added (GVA) in total GVA during the year 2016-17 was 31.8% which is considered as significant contribution to economy. As per Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics (DGCIS) the portion of MSME related products in total export from India during 2018-19 was 48.10% with this it is indicated most important sector for economy but after declaration of lockdown due to Covid-19 that lead to major impact on MSME sector. In this study researcher try to identify the PESTEL Environment after Covid-19 and ATMA-NIRBHAR BHARAT Abhiyan initiated by Indian Government on 12th May 2020. The major finding of the study indicated major decision are taken by government of India and Atma-Nirbhar Bharta Abhiyan give boost to MSMEs in future and widely increases number of MSMEs. In India movement also started Vocal for Local that lead to strengthen MSMEs in future.
Analysis of human communities is very much helpful in determining their trends and relationships among community objects. Community can be viewed as a social structure (network). There can be roles of leader or follower in such groups. Communities were defined as nested; i.e. one community can hold another; for example a geographical community may include a number of ethnical communities. Different computer science researchers define community as a graph and as a dense directed bipartite graph, which contains a complete bipartite subgraph of a certain size. Web community is a community of web pages, which can also be defined as “FLG-Communities”. There is a need of algorithm to analyze different human communities, which can deal with quantity of attributes. In this regard, Community Algorithm (CA) is proposed that will be helpful in identifying, analyzing, manipulating, monitoring, and transforming human communities based on human eProfiles. The algorithm is based on three major components that are ontologies, operators and community sticker. Operators are applied to make link between two existing (data) stickers and generating new stickers for individuals added in the community. Community Sticker is comprised over major characteristics of human eProfiles. Human Community Ontology is extended from Community Ontology and holds the definition of the Community Sticker. Profile Ontology categorizes different characteristics of human eProfiles. Three tools (TODE, LiveIT and GAHC) have been developed during the present research, for constructing iontologies and collecting experimental data to facilitate the research during experimentation and its analysis, regarding CA. A community (network) is formed when human eProfiles (nodes) have links (edges) and interactions with each other. If multiple medium of communications were considered like email, chatting and short message service (SMS) in the network, it would make the graph more complex (dense graph or forest). Fuzzy Graphs are utilized for analyzing and modeling levels of information in real-time systems (simple or complex networks). This research analyzes such human communities with the help of fuzzy graphs and highlights the status of individuals in a human community. Max-Min Composition (fuzzy relation) along with statistical analysis on fuzzy graphs of human community was applied, for critical analysis. Two different indices are also proposed and utilized in this research are, Interaction Index (II) and Role Index (RI). Interaction Index (II) was established in order to estimate the intensity of communication in different medium of communication. Similarly Role Index (RI) determines the participation status of individual in a human community. The research envisages towards development of CA, which describes the (computer based) interaction between individuals in a community measurable interaction between users in a community as well as the one between communities. Major attributes of the thesis are: · A novel concept of Community Sticker, having major characteristics of Human eProfile ii· Various ontologies holding the background information related to profiles and communities · Multiple operators helping in generating new data stickers for next generation and manipulating data stickers of current generation (community) · Several tools which help in analysis and experimentation of different human communities The thesis begun with Chapter 1 as of literature review to define major attributes of our research.