سماحت اور رہبانیت: شاہ ولی اللہ کا موقف

The hall mark of Shah Waliullah has been advocate moderation and the communal spirit of Isla shuns worldly attitude and abhors rejection of the wor and offers a middle path. There is no extremism in Isla and Shah Wali Ullah has preached the same. The juris the Sufis and the Muhaddisseen have taken up a differe line of thinking regarding "Tassawwuf" --- yet th essential spirit of Islam is the path of moderation. T spiritualism and physical world has to be kept in balance— with moderation and balance. It is this aspect of Sha Waliullah's writings that has been highlighted in th article.

Mapping of New Locus in Deafness

Deafness is the most prevalent disorder with 1 in every 500 of world population has disabled hearing loss. Deafness may occur in non-syndromic or syndromic form. Non-syndromic deafness accounts for 70% while remaining 30% accounts for syndromic deafness. Although deafness is prevalent worldwide but determination of causative genes is difficult due to genetic heterogeneity and limited genotype phenotype correlation of deafness related genes. An extensive research on deafness in the last two decades has paved remarkable progress in the detection of deafness related genes. In terms of nonsyndromic recessive hearing loss, the chromosomal locations are presently identified for ~102 loci recessive deafness, elucidating role of 63 genes having causative role in deafness. As nearly 300 genes are involved in hearing cascade a need of further study is the requirement for current study of deafness genetically. The present study was intended to ascertain the molecular basis of deafness expressed at different audiometric levels by making use of linkage analysis as a genetic tool. To attain the objective, Thirty five families with non-syndromic and syndromic phenotype segregating with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance were enrolled, after collection of blood samples DNA was extracted and linkage analysis was done for already reported autosomal recessive deafness loci. In eleven families having syndromic phenotype, four families showed linkage to Usher Syndrome Type 1D, three families showed linkage to Usher Syndrome Type 1F and one family was found linked to Usher Syndrome Type 2C whereas remaining three were found linked to DFNB4/PDS locus. All three Pendred syndrome linked families showed similar pattern of haplotype with DFNB4 Short Tandem Repeats markers. Interestingly on mutational analysis p.Y556C mutation was found in all affected individuals this finding outline this mutation as founder mutation in Punjabi ethnicity of Pakistani population mutation spectrum. In Five families with non- syndromic phenotype, one family was found linked to DFNB49 locus whereas four families were found linked to DFNB8/10, DFNB4, DFNB21 and DFNB7/11 loci. Sequence analysis of these linked families identified two reported mutations one c.1219T>C; p.C407R in TMPRSS3 gene (DFNB8/10) and other c.71G>T; p.R24L in SLC26A4 gene (DFNB4) whereas one novel mutation c.1247_1248delGG; p.G416Dfs*24 in TECTA gene (DFNB21) and a novel compound heterozygous mutation c.1259G>A; p.C420Y and c.1788C>A; p.S596R in TMC1 gene (DFNB7/11) was found. The genome scan of the family PKDF1629 having syndromic phenotype outlines a new recessive deafness locus hint at chromosome 6 position q23.3-25.2 with a critical linkage interval of 19.2Mb. This novel discovery will assist in better understanding of genetics involved in syndrome associated with deafness and will pave way for their diagnosis, treatment and eventually their control.