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Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode Control for Parallel Inverters in a Microgrid With Distributed Generation

Thesis Info

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Author

Khan, Muhammad Iftikhar

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Engineering and Technology

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12301/1/Muhammd%20Iftikhar%20khan%20electrical%20eng%202019%20uet%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727758647

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With the growing electricity demand and environmental challenges, integration of the high penetration distribution generation (DG) into the utility grid is utmost important to improve the grid efficiency. Microgrid helps in facilitating the penetration of various DGs in the distribution network, while ensuring efficient, reliable and resilient operation in an islanded mode during a utility outage. However, the power electronic interface with DG units needs robust control techniques that can achieve high performance in all the loading conditions and conditions at the utility grid. Microgrid contains a cluster of loads along with DG units operating as a unified controlled system. Interconnecting DGs with a grid using power electronic converters has increase concerns regarding safe operation and protection of the equipment. Many control strategies have been proposed for enhancing the stability of microgrid for proper load sharing. However, these controllers have problems of slow dynamic response, disturbance to uncertainties and weak tracking of the references. Therefore, this work proposes new approaches using nonlinear control technique based on the sliding mode control (SMC) for an islanded mode as well as grid-connected mode of operation. Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode Voltage Control (FFSMVC) technique is developed for single and parallel voltage source inverter (VSI) in islanded mode, to maintain the quality of the output voltage of the DG system despite unbalanced and/or non-linear load currents. Fix frequency slide mode control is efficient in reducing the chattering phenomena, which otherwise call unnecessary harmonics and power loss in the system. Further, this controller improves the steady state and dynamic response under sudden load fluctuation. Droop control approach is investigated to guarantee the accurate power sharing among DG units in parallel operation. Fixed Frequency Sliding Mode Current Control (SMCC) approach is adopted for the grid-tied mode, where the controller works as a current controller. The proposed controller effectively abandons the grid voltage disturbances and the parameter uncertainties. Furthermore, PQ sharing control is designed for the parallel operating of DG units by delivering available power to the grid side in order to ensure power-sharing requirements. Both controllers have been simulated in the real-time domain of Simulink/MATLAB environment. Finally, the performance of the proposed FFSMC is compared with the classical proportional integral (PI) controller. The simulation results show the Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) of the output voltage of 0.86% and 1.54% for FFSMVC, and 1.82% and 6.84% for PI controller under linear and nonlinear loads respectively. The results also validate that the proposed control technique is quite effective due to its robust response and less sensitive to external disturbances.
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سلطان کھاروی دی غزل گوئی وچ حقیقت پسندی

 

سلطان کھاروی دی غزل گوئی وچ حقیقت پسندی

سلطان کھاروی پنجابی غزل دے مان یو گ کوی نیں ۔غزل خو ب لکھدے ہن جیہدے وچ سوہنا لہجہ ،سوہنے شبداں دی ورتوں ،قدراں دی ٹٹ بھج،لفظی تے شعری تصویراں موجود نیں۔اوہناں دی غزل گوئی دی وڈی خوبی حیاتی نوں اوس دے اصل روپ وچ بیان کر نا اے۔کیوں جے اوہ حیاتی دیاں اٹل سچائیاں تے حقیقتاں نو ں بھلی بھانت جانو نیں ۔ایس لئی کوتا راہیں ایس نوں بیان کر کے منکھتا نوں سوچن دی دعوت دیندے نیں ۔اوہناں دی اجیہی کوتا وچ اک ترکھی چھبن اے جیہڑی جذبیاں نوں ٹنبدی تے منکھی سوچاں وچ بھرتو پا دیندی اے ۔ آپ نے حیاتی دیاں حقیقتاں نوں جیویں کوتا وچ روپ مان کیتا اے اوس دا اویروا انج اے ۔

دنیا دی سب توں وڈی حقیقت اے کہ منکھ ربی بھیال لئی تھا ں تھاں متھے ٹیک دا اے تے جنگل بیلے وی کھچدا اے ۔پر رب اوس نوں نئیں ملدا ۔اوہ رب نوں تلاش تاں ضرور کر دا اے پر اپنے من نوں دنیا داری تو ں پاک نہیں کر دا ۔بغض تے حسد ورگے سماجک کوجھ من وچوں نہیں کڈھدا۔

ہووے ذہن جے صاف کدورتاں توں واجاں آوندیاں گھڑ دیاں مورتاں توں

اوئے بندیا! رب پچھاننے لئی حسد بغض جنگال وی کھروچنا سی(۱)

جنگل بیلے دا پندھ مکاونا پیندا اے ۔مورتیاں نوں من وچوں کڈھنا پیندا اے ۔کعبے والا تاں من دے اندر وسدا اے ۔

 

جنگل بیلے بھال مکائو کدھرے اوہ مستور نہیں

مورتیاں  نوں دل وچوں کڈھو کعبے والا دور نہیں

 

(۲)

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Genetics of Morpho-Physiological Traits in Wheat under Normal and Drought Conditions

Six bread wheat cultivars/lines viz., Faisalabad-08, Lasani-08, Sehar-06, Chakwal-86, Chakwal-50 and 6302 were hybridized in full diallel fashion. Thirty F1 crosses along with six parents were planted in a triplicate randomized complete block design in the experimental area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Experiment was sown under both normal and drought conditions. Data on attributes viz., plant height, flag leaf area, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, spike length, spike density, grain weight per spike, biomass per plant, grain yield per plant, harvest index, extrusion length, stomatal frequency, stomata size, epidermal cell size and leaf venations were recorded and subjected to the analysis of variance technique to find out the genotypic differences for the characters, which were found significant under both environmental conditions. Data were further subjected to diallel analysis for genetic studies. The Vr-Wr graphs indicated over-dominance type of gene action for spike length and grain weight per spike and leaf venations under both sowing conditions and for flag leaf area, biomass per plant, harvest index and stomatal frequency under normal condition, whereas for number of tillers per plant under drought condition. Additive with partial dominance type of gene action was observed for number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, plant height, 1000-gran weight, grain yield per plant, extrusion length, spike density, stomata size and epidermal cell size under both sowing conditions and for number of tillers per plant under normal condition and for biomass per plant, harvest index, stomatal frequency and flag leaf area under drought condition. Over-dominance type of gene action detected under normal condition for flag leaf area, biomass per plant, harvest index, and stomatal frequency was changed to additive with partial dominance type of gene action under drought condition, while additive with partial dominance gene action under normal condition for number of tillers per plant was altered to over-dominance type of gene action under drought condition