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Formal Modeling of Real-Time Self Adaptive Multi-Agent Systems

Thesis Info

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Author

Qasim, Awais

Program

PhD

Institute

Government College University

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13773/1/Formal%20Modelling%20of%20Real-Time%20Self-Adaptive%20Multi-Agent%20Systems%20by%20Awais%20Qasim%20%282013-PhD-CS-18%29.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727760738

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Software systems are becoming complex and dynamic with the passage of time and to provide better fault tolerance and resource management they need to have the ability of self-adaptation. Software agents are expected to work autonomously and deal with unfamiliar situations astutely. Achieving cent percent test case coverage for these agents has always been a problem due to the limited resources. Also a high degree of dependability is expected from autonomous software agents. Multi-agent systems deployed in dynamic and unpredictable environment needs to have the ability of self-adaptation, making them adaptable to the failures. These systems have emerged as a useful technique to model real-time systems and these real-time multi-agent systems by their nature have temporal constraints. Though real-time multi-agent systems have been formally modelled in the past but self-adaptive real-time multi-agent systems are yet to be addressed. State of the art encourage the use of MAPE-K feedback loop for the provision of self-adaptation in any system. Hence there is a dire need of formal vocabulary that can be used for the conceptual design of any real-time multi-agent system with self-adaptation. In this work we proposed a framework SMARTS (Self-adaptive Multi-Agent Real-Time Systems) for the formal modelling of selfadaptive real-time multi-agent systems. Our framework integrates reflection perspective and unification with distribution perspective into the SIMBA (SIstema Multiagente Basado en ARTIS) agent architecture. For a precise semantic description of the constructs of our framework, we used Timed Communicating Object-Z (TCOZ) language. The core functionality of the system is depicted using managed system and self-adaptive unit. The self-adaptive functionality is provided by using a predefined interfaces based on Monitor, Analyze, Plan and Execute phases of the MAPE-K feedback loop. The managed system comprises the ARTIS agents, which are designed to work in hard real-time environment. In SMARTS the non-terminating behavior of the ARTIS agent is represented using active class concept of TCOZ. For communication between active processes, channel communication mechanism of TCOZ is utilized. We elaborate the application of the SMARTS framework using a trivial case-study of Traffic Management System for real-time congestion control. We ensure the correctness of the system by formally specifying and verifying the actions of the communicating real-time agents in Timed-Arc Petri-Nets as they are visually more expressive than Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) and Computational Tree Logic (CTL). The traffic models are verified using Timed Computational Tree Logic (TCTL) via translations into timed automata. The TAPAAL model checker is used for the formal verification. The simulation results show the computation trees of the traffic models, trace of the satisfied properties, count of the transitions triggered and places visited during the verification process. This formal verification of real-time self-adaptive multi-agent systems will enhance the confidence and expressibility to address the correctness of such systems.
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Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Selected Macrofungi in Northern Areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Present study dealt with morphological and molecular characterization of macrofungi in northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. This region represents floristically a rich part of Pakistan comprising well-known mountainous ranges of Himalaya and Hindu Kush, but a very few macrofungal surveys have been conducted so far. The present study was therefore endeavored to report some macrofungal species occurring in woodland and forest ecosystems of Northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Field surveys and collections of specimens were carried out at different sites of the study area during the years 2013‒2016. For collections, drying, preservation, micro-morphological and molecular characterization of the collected specimens, standard protocols were used. A total of 88 species belonging to 30 families and 57 genera are being reported and described in detail, of which 75 species belong to Basidiomycota and 11 to Ascomycota. Identity of 59 species was confirmed through molecular data inferred from nITS region. Out of the described species more than thirty percent showed their novelty. Albatrellus roseus, Amanita griseofusca, Clavariadelphus elongates, Descolea quercina, Gymnopilus swaticus and Phaeocollybia pakistanica have been published as new species and 25 other species are proposed as new to science including: Albatrellopsis flettiodes nom.prov., Amanita ahmadii nom.prov., A. cinerea nom.prov., Butyriboletus pakistanicus nom.prov., Caloboletus alpinus nom.prov., Cortinarius clavatus nom.prov., C. longistipes nom.prov., C. striatus nom.prov., Inocybe pallidorimosa nom.prov., I. salicetum nom.prov., Lactarius furcatilamellatus nom.prov., L. maireiodes nom.prov., Leucoagaricus campestris nom.prov., Lycoperdon microsporon nom.prov., Oudemansiella sparslamellata nom.prov., Phaeocollybia varicolor nom.prov., Pholiota microcarpa nom.prov., Pluteus iii populicola nom.prov., Pterula bisporitica nom.prov., Rhodocybe luteus nom.prov., Russula similis nom.prov., Tricholoma conicosulphureum nom.prov., Tricholomopsis robustus nom.prov., T. umbonatus nom.prov. and Veloporphyrellus purpureus nom.prov. Furthermore, 28 species are new records for Pakistani mycobiota viz., Agrocybe elatella, Amanita pallidorosea, Caloscypha fulgens, Coltricia abieticola, Coriolopsis gallica, Gymnopilus penetrans, Gymnopus dysodes, Hebeloma rostratum, Helvella leucopus, H. macropus, H. maculata, H. solitaria, Hericium cirrhatum, Inocybe putilla, Jahnoporus oreinus, Lactarius mediterraneensis, L. pterosporus, Lactifluus versiformis, L. volemus, Lanmaoa angustispora., Lepista panaeolus, Leucopaxillus giganteus, Russula kangchenjungae, R. olivacea, R. postiana, Verpa conica, Volvariella hypopithys and Volvopluteus earlei. Of these Amanita pallidorosea and lactifluus volemus have been published. Genera including Albatrellopsis, Albatrellus, Butyriboletus, Caloboletus, Caloscypha, Jahnoprus, Lanmaoa, Phaeocollybia, Pterula, Veloporphyrellus and Volvopluteus are addition to the fungi of Pakistan. The most abundant and diverse family was Russulaceae with 11 species distributed among 3 genera, followed by Agaricacea, Amanitaceae and Tricholomataceae with 7 species each. Boletaceae, Helvellaceae and Hymenogastraceae are represented by 6 species each. Results of the study reveals that northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa are rich in terms of macrofungi and there may be many other species awaiting documentation. This study therefore recommends further and in-depth surveys on exploration of macrofungi in woodland and forest ecosystems of the Northern parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in particular iv and other parts of Pakistan in general. Published work form present PhD project is listed as annexure-A.