The non-destructive analysis of a Solid Pharmaceutical Product (SPP) is essential to verify the quality without destroying the product. This analysis may be performed using various image processing and signal processing techniques on images and multispectral data. Based on this analysis, an SPP may be classified as defective or non-defective. The SPP (categorized as defective) are exposed to three different environmental factors (humidity, temperature and moisture) over different time periods and the variations in data are analyzed to judge the effects of these factors on classification of an SPP. In this research, we have proposed two non-destructive methods to identify defective and non-defective SPPs using their surface morphology. In first approach, multiple textural features are extracted using microscopic images of the surface of the defective and non-defective SPPs. These textural features are Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix, Run Length Matrix, Histogram, Auto Regressive Model and HAAR Wavelet. Total textural features extracted from microscopic images are 281. The features are reduced using three feature reduction techniques; Chi-square, Gain Ratio and Relief-F. We have formulated three feature sets, through experimentation, with 281, 15 and 2 features. We have used four classifiers namely Support Vector Machine, K-Nearest Neighbors, Naïve Bayes and Ensemble of Classifiers, to calculate the accuracy of proposed approach. The classifiers are implemented using leave-one-out cross validation and holdout validation methods. We tested each classifier against all feature sets and the results were compared. The results showed that in most of the cases, Support Vector Machine performed better than the other classifiers. In second approach, we have used multispectral data and applied wavelet transformations in conjunction with various machine learning techniques for the classification. The results showed that the spectrum extracted from Ultra Violet x wavelength range is more suitable for the classification between defective and non-defective SPPs. Furthermore, results also described that K-Nearest Neighbors classifier or Ensemble of Classifiers is a more appropriate classifier. In the last, the hybrid of the both approaches was tested. The analysis of the results showed that the hybrid approach is better than the individual ones. An accuracy of 94% is achieved using K-Nearest Neighbors when a combined dataset of SPPs affected by all of the three environmental factors is used.
حفیظ صدیقی حفیظ صدیقی(۱۹۳۴ئ۔پ) پسرور کے گائوں برہان پور میں پیدا ہوئے۔ ۱۹۶۳ء میں گورنمنٹ جناح اسلامیہ کالج سیالکوٹ میں آپ کی بطور لیکچرار اردو تقرری ہوئی۔ ۱۹۷۳ء میں ایم۔اے او کالج لاہور میں تبادلہ ہوا۔ اس کالج سے ۱۹۹۳ء میں حفیظ سرکاری ملازمت سے ریٹائر ہوئے (۸۰۸) حفیظ صدیقی کے تمام شعری مجموعے صدیقی پبلی کیشنز لاہور سے طبع ہوئے۔ پہلا شعری مجموعہ ’’لمحوں کی آگ‘‘ ۱۹۷۶ء میں شائع ہوا۔ دوسرا شعری مجموعہ’’پہلی رات کا چاند‘‘ ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ’’درد کا رشتہ‘‘ ان کا تیسرا شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۷۸ء میں شائع ہوا۔ چوتھا شعری مجموعہ ’’لا زوال‘‘ کے نام سے ۱۹۹۲ء میں شائع ہوا۔’’لا مثال‘‘ ان کا پانچواں شعری مجموعہ ہے جو ۱۹۹۵ء میں طبع ہوا۔ چھٹا شعری مجموعہ ’’آنگن کا جہنم‘‘ ۱۹۷۷ء میں شائع ہوا۔ ان شعری مجموعوں کے علاوہ حفیظ کا شعری کلام پاکستان کے مختلف جرائد و رسائل میں چھپتا رہا۔ جسے مرتب کرنے کی ضرورت ہے ۔’’بارش کے پہلے قطرے‘‘ ،’’تشنہ تشنہ‘‘ ،’’خواب دیکھتے گزری‘‘ ،’’سکھ کا سراب‘‘،’’میرے سر پہ ہاتھ رکھنا‘‘،’’وہ میرے اندر ہی بس رہا ہے‘‘،اور ’’ہر موج سمندر‘‘ ان کے غیر مطبوعہ شعری مجموعے ہیں۔جوان کے لواحقین کے پاس مسودات کی صورت میں موجود ہیں ۔حفیظ صدیقی نے جب شعر کہنا شروع کیا تو وہ قیام پاکستان کے بعد کا دور تھا۔ اس وقت ترقی پسند تحریک ایک نئے دور میں داخل ہو گئی تھی۔ حفیظ کا اس تحریک سے براہ راست کوئی تعلق نہیں تھا۔ تاہم ان کی ابتدائی غزلوں میں ترقی پسند تحریک کے اثرات نظر آتے ہیں۔ ان کے ابتدائی کلام میں استحصال زدہ طبقے کے درد کی آواز سنائی دیتی ہے۔ حفیظ کی غزل میں نہ صرف روایتی انداز ہے بلکہ ان کے ہاں جدت بھی ملتی ہے۔ دھیمے لہجے میں وطن اور اپنی مٹی سے محبت کے ساتھ ساتھ خارج و باطن...
The of life Holy source primary Prophet Muhammad (صلى الله عليه وسلم) is a guidance for Muslim Ummah. Prophetic guidance is not restricted to theverbal instructions only but he has at times used the Gestures to expressand explain the things. This is a significant area of Hadith sciences whichHis. (صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet the of Language body and gestures the with dealscompanions (R. A) not only preserved his verbal instructions, dictatedwords, silent approvals, and actions of their beloved Prophet (ﷺ) but theyalso preserved his (ﷺ) gestures and body language. This paper discussesthe Gestures of the Holy Prophet with special reference to their virtual andvisual interpretations. The purpose of this research is to critically analyzethe Gestures of the Holy prophet and their importance in communicatingthe message to the audience. The method used for this research paper isdescriptive and analytical. The analysis of the prophetic traditions revealed(صلى الله عليه وسلم) Prophet where Hadith in examples significant been have there thatused the gestures to explain his words and thoughts which helped inconveying the message. Visual explanations and diagrams of some of thegestures have also been included in the article to explore and highlight theirsignificance. This article reveals that use of gestures is helpful incommunicating the message to the audience, and this aspect of Sīrah mustbe utilized during interactive sessions and verbal discussions. Furthermore, current research paper recommends that adequate body language andGestures are the vital means of teaching, tablīgh, and successfulcommunication in the light of Sīrah studies.
Boron is one of the essential micronutrients for the plants. Availability of boron to the plant is affected by various boron forms and distribution. Understanding boron chemistry, knowledge of boron forms distribution and their relation to soil properties are indispensable. The contribution of various soil boron forms resulting in its availability, spatial variability and boron fertilization in the apple orchard has never been extensively examined in arid elevated plains of Baluchistan province. It was hypothesized that soil properties affect on soil boron forms distribution and yield and quality of apple. The objectives were to (i) establish the relationship between physico-chemical properties and soil B forms, (ii) evaluate the spatial variability of various boron forms in the surveyed area, (iii) assess the impact of boron fertilization on yield and quality of apple. Ninety georeferenced soil samples from apple orchards of surface and subsurface were collected from Pishin, Baluchistan. Seventy to eighty foliage samples from nonfruit bearing terminals of associated trees were collected. The soil was characterized for pH, CaCO3, organic matter, texture and extractable boron. Soil boron was fractionated into readily soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxide bound, organically bound and residual. A field experiment was carried out at three Bdeficient locations (Barshore, Hurmzae, Khanozae). Variable soil boron rates, i.e., 0, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g tree-1 with the basal recommended dose of N, P and K were applied. Extractable boron was positively influenced by soil organic matter and clay content. Readily soluble was positively correlated with clay and soil organic matter while specifically adsorbed showed positive influence with clay content. Oxide bound, organically bound and residual boron were related positively by clay and organic matter. Regression equation relating to boron forms with soil properties revealed that soil pH, CaCO3, organic matter and clay account the variability in soil boron forms. Spatial structure of sand, silt, clay, organic matter, pH, calcium carbonate and extractable boron were best described by the spherical model indicating medium spatial dependence while clay exhibited strongly spatial dependent on surface and subsurface soil respectively. Best fitted semivariogram model for boron forms (readily soluble, specifically adsorbed, oxide bound and residual B) was spherical with moderate spatial dependence on surface and subsurface soil while organically bound form revealed higher spatial dependence. Results of the field trial indicated that 14 g B tree-1 fertilization increased fruit yield (32.8 %), weight (9.6 %) size (7.7 %), total soluble solids (18.5 %), fruit firmness (9.6 %), fruit boron (16.6 %) and leaf boron content (32.6 %). Trees fertilized with16 g B tree-1 had the higher fruit number (19.4 %). Boron application resulted in a decrease of titratable acidity.