الرّسم العثماني وأثره على المعاني القرآنية

The Holy Qur’an is miraculous in its words, methods, organization, statements, drawings and writing, as cited and agreed by all researchers, we aim through this research to: define the Ottoman drawing in Arabic language, terminologically, demonstrating its benefits, the rule of commitment to it, weighing between sayings, demonstrating its six rules, explaining and discussing the differences between the Quranic words drawings and mentioning several examples. The most important results of this research are: 1- The opinion which comforts one's self is the commitment to Ottoman drawing, and not to be written by modern spelling methods. 2- The Ottoman drawing has multiple benefits and advantages, which are not available in any other, so that it attracts commitment and reservation. 3- It has a very significant concurrence between the drawing and the meaning of the words and verses of Quran. 4- The Qura’nic word drawing strengthens the meaning and gives the full dimensions; achieving the honesty of Allah's saying: "and whose words can be truer than those of Allah?". 5- The letters' contiguity of Quranic word, knowing its characteristics embodies the meaning with the best picture. 6- The miracle of Ottoman drawing is a modern issue that Abdalaziz Ad-Dabbagh calls the most famous and the oldest one who declared this.        The most important recommendations made in this article are: 1- Conducting more researches about the benefits of Ottoman drawing, where it still needs more studies to be conducted, and more thoughts and meditations. 2- The spread of Ottoman drawing commitment culture between Quran teachers and students. 3- Obligating all Quranic associations that adopts Quran writing to write in Ottoman drawing, and prevent any other forms of writing. 4- Obligating all students and researchers to depend on Ottoman drawing through their studies and researches; which establishes a promotion to spread its culture. 5- Guiding the researchers for more studies on this topic, throughout a focused studies and clear scientific plans.

Air Quality Monitoring System.

The project served to build a device that can measure the concentration of atmospheric pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, O3, COx, NOx, and SOx. The purpose of doing so was to combat the fact that Pakistan lacks an AQI (Air Quality Index), and previous efforts have not been fruitful in this venture. The constant rise of lung diseases and high levels of atmospheric pollutants have made absolutely essential that Pakistan develop an AQI and atmospheric pollutant monitoring system. The project consisted of two parts; the background device that captures the concentration of gases and an online application that receives said concentrations and displays them visually such that it may be understood by the general public. This report focuses on the background device, its working and implementation. The device was initially designed to measure all the above mentioned parameters however, due to constraints in procurement locally available sensors were used that measure CH4 and CO in the atmosphere. A backup battery was installed so that the device remains operational even if the mains supply is powered off. The sensors are integrated with an ESP32 which is a microcontroller with a built-in WiFi that is used to send data across to the server through HTTP protocol. The data needs to be collected every 5 minutes and therefore the device needs to be able to store data on the chip until a WiFi connection is restored. The device is also robust against the harsh environments of Karachi, and reports any anomalies that it may find with the operation. The device although in full functionality misses a few important benchmarks. Firstly, the sensors currently used arent accurate enough, and secondly, the device only relies upon WiFi to send the data across to the server. This should be avoided in the next iteration of the design by using a GSM/GPRS module with a SIM card as theres no public WiFi available in Karachi