الأسلوب الخطابي في حِكَم نهج البلاغة: دراسة موضوعية

يقوم الخطاب الأدبي على عنصرين أساسيين، وهما: (الصوت والمعنى)، إذ أنّ أحدهمالا ينفكّ عن الآخر، وبلحاظ الترابط ما بين هذين العنصرين نتلمّس أنّ الخطابة: هي ذلك الفن الّذي يتوقّف تحققه على المواجهة والمشافهة، حيث أنّ الإلقاء يؤثر بشكل ملحوظ على المتلقّي، موازنة بالكيفيّة الّتي يكون بها المتلقّي مع الكتابة، بالتالي فإنّ حجم التأثير النّفسي والعاطفي والتركيز والشّد الذهني حين الاستماع إلى خطبة معيّنة أكبر عند المتلقّي ممّا هوَ عليه حين القراءة لسطور معيّنة. لذا فإن إبداع المتكلّم يتحقّق في التكلّم بخطبة ما، وهذا بحد ذاته إنما هوَ استظهار للعمق الدلالي والفكري، والاستعمال الفنّي للأدوات الصّوتية، وأصدق تمثيل لما تقدّم هو الاستماع إلى الشعر والنثر. وموضوع بحثنا هوَ الأسلوب الخطابي لفارس الخطابة ومنشأها، الّذياجتمع فيه ما لم يجتمع في غيره، حتى بلغ أسلوبه من الصدق مستوىً ترفّع به عن السّجع المتكلّف، فبأسلوبه إنّما هوَ أبعد متكلّم عن التصنّع، وأقرب ما يكون من الصراحة والصدق في القول والفعل.

أمرونہی کی دلالت کا تحقیقی و تطبیقی جائزہ

A Researched and Implemented Analysis of the Meaning of Command (AMR) and Forbiddance (NAHI) (According to the opinions of ulame e usool) The thesis is in the field of Islamic law and within Islamic law it is specialized in the field of Usool e Fiqh. The detailed study is based on the concept of Amr and Nahi and their meaning and application under the rulings of Usool e Fiqh. Mostly Ahkam of Shariah in Islam hava been given in the form of those things which are under the category of commands (Amr) and forbiddance (Nahi). That is why it is necessary to research that which is a command and forbiddance. In this thesis firstly, the literal meanings of commands and forbiddance has been researched. Through this research it has been proved that the literal meaning of commands (Amr) are related to "Nisbat e Irsalya or Ba'asiya which has means the nature of the relationship between commander and commanded is to act in one direction. It has also been proved that forbiddance (Nahi) is related to "Nisbat e Zajariya or Imsakya" which means the nature of the relationship between the forbidder and the forbade is to refrain from acting in one direction. Also certain phrases have been used to describe the meaning of command (Amr) and forbiddance (Nahi) which have also been researched and explained as to their relationship to providing the meaning of Amr and Nahi. After establishing the connection of Amr and Nisbat e Irsalya, the concept has been further researched on how to prove the meaning of Amr for Wujoob, Istihbab, and Ibaha which are also part of Ahkam e Shariah. Similarly for Nahi it has also been researched how to prove its meaning for Hurmat and Karaha which are also part of ahkam e shariah. We have also discussed in the final chapter some of the different but still logical meanings of and applications of Amr and Nahi in different circumstances which are different to the literal meaning and the rules of interpretation as given above but still within the meaning of Ahkam e Shariah.