یہ ہنر آزما کے دیکھتے ہیں
اب کے اُن کو بھلا کے دیکھتے ہیں
رخ سے سرکے کبھی جو آنچل، ہم
معجزے اُس خدا کے دیکھتے ہیں
اب کے ہم بھی تو بے وفا ہو کر
جوش اُس کی وفا کے دیکھتے ہیں
کوئی اپنا نکل بھی سکتا ہے
ہاتھ سب سے ملا کے دیکھتے ہیں
درد میں آئے کچھ کمی شاید
آس کا گھر جلا کے دیکھتے ہیں
مل ہی جائے گا شعلۂ امید
گردِ اِیذا ہٹا کے دیکھتے ہیں
یاروں کی کھوجتے ہیں اب نیت
اپنا مقتل سجا کے دیکھتے ہیں
جو بھی ہوتا ہے خوش یہاں اُس کو
درد سے، منہ اُٹھا کے دیکھتے ہیں
جو بھی آتا ہے اُس گلی سے ہم
پاس اُس کو بٹھا کے دیکھتے ہیں
The word (Adab) , contrary to its present equitant in English language (literature) , has an interesting background and exciting history. This word went through many developments in its meaning and senses throughout the history of Arabic literature. Linguistics took keen interest in each and every change and development came into its meaning. They thoroughly studied this word, and tried to link between its early root meaning (giving a banquet or feast) , and its present meaning (literature) . Linguistics7 this attempt resulted in out break of differences among them regarding the word (Adab) . This article deals with this issue.
Reading is not the strategy which is associated with language subjects. It is equally important in the area of Science as other strategies like hands-on and inquiry. Consequently, the access to Science content in terms of understanding is only possible when a reader has ability to actively read the text. Reading plays a very important role in strengthening the understanding of science language and vocabulary, as lack of awareness of both could be a hindrance in developing and demonstrating a conceptual understanding. This research study was conducted to understand ways to implement an active reading strategy DART (directed reading activities related to text) on students' understanding of science concepts. This was an action research study, in which DART was applied in a secondary Science classroom of a community-based school in Karachi, Pakistan to understand ways to apply DART for reading in the Science classes. The reconnaissance was done to see the use of reading in Science classes and data revealed that the science teacher as well as students do not consider reading in Science as effective as compared to activity base or hands-on teaching methods, they have not experienced reading in science classrooms; however, it was observed that hands-on promoted students reproduction of knowledge rather than construction of knowledge. These findings set up the basis of implementing active reading strategy DARTs in the context. My experience of the implementation of active reading strategy DARTs in a secondary science classroom, of a community-based English Medium Boys School in Pakistan, indicates that it was helpful in developing reflective reading and it challenged students to reflect on the text in terms of finding out key ideas, locating information, categorization and sequencing of the text. This reading strategy involved students in meaningful learning, where they understood content by reading, re-reading, interacting and reflecting on the text, hence an experience of reflective reading. The engagement of students in active reading of content, which was different and new from the concepts taught in the class, maintained their interest in reading and in learning new science vocabulary and its use in their expressions. The experience of new activities also helped them to maintain their interest and kept them motivated in the task. The DART activities facilitated students learning in comprehension of the text, location of information through underlining, categorizing of the text, sequencing of information, and summarizing text. It enabled them to learn at higher cognitive levels