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Home > Ligature Recognition System for Printed Urdu Script Using Genetic Algorithm Based Hierarchical Clustering

Ligature Recognition System for Printed Urdu Script Using Genetic Algorithm Based Hierarchical Clustering

Thesis Info

Access Option

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Author

Khan, Naila Habib

Program

PhD

Institute

Institute of Management Sciences

City

Peshawar

Province

KPK

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11590/1/Naila%20Habib%20khan%20computer%20sci%202019%20ims%20peshwar%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727784663

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This research article gives an across-the-board comprehensive review and survey of the most prominent studies in the field of Urdu Optical Character Recognition (OCR). This study introduces the OCR technology and presents a historical review of the OCR systems, providing comparisons between the English, Arabic and Urdu systems. Detailed background and literature have also been provided for Urdu script, discussing the script’s past, OCR categories and phases. The research paper further reports all state-of-the-art studies for different phases, namely, image acquisition, pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification/recognition and post-processing for an Urdu OCR system. In the segmentation section, the analytical and holistic approaches for Urdu text have been emphasized. In the feature extraction section, a comparison has been provided between the feature learning and feature engineering approaches. Deep learning and traditional machine learning approaches have been discussed. The Urdu numeral recognition systems have also been deliberated concisely. The research paper concludes by identifying some open problems and suggesting some future directions.
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شاہ معین الدین ندوی

آہ شاہ صاحب !
جناب شاہ معین الدین احمد ندوی ناظم دارالمصنفین اور اڈیٹر معارف جو شاہ صاحب کے نام سے یہاں یاد کئے جاتے اب اپنے پاک دل، پاک ذات اور پاک صفات کے ساتھ آغوش رحمت الٰہی میں ہیں۔ ۱۳؍ دسمبر ۱۹۷۴؁ء کو جمعہ کے روز اپنے تمام روزمرہ کے معمولات میں مشغول رہے، دس بجے دن کو بال بنوایا، غسل کیا، کھانا کھایا، جمعہ کی نماز پڑھی، ڈھائی بجے تک عاجز راقم سے ملاقات رہی، اخبار پڑھتے پڑھتے سوگئے، گہری نیند سوئے، چار بجے اٹھے، اپنے ایک دیرینہ ہم جلیس مولوی عزیز الرحمن صاحب کے ساتھ بیٹھے باتیں کرنے لگے، عصر کی نماز کے لئے وضو کا پانی منگوایا، کرسی سے اٹھ کر وضو کے لئے اٹھنا چاہتے تھے کہ زمین پر گرگئے، خیال ہوا کہ بے ہوش ہوگئے ہیں، ان کے دوست ڈاکٹر عبدالحفیظ انصاری بلائے گئے تو انھوں نے اعلان کیا کہ وہ اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، وہ نہ بیمار پڑے نہ سکرات کی تکلیف ہوئی، نہ کسی کو کچھ خدمت کرنے کا موقع دیا، ایسا معلوم ہو (کہ زمین پر سے یکایک اٹھالئے گئے اور دارالمصنفین کے درودیوار کو اداس نہیں، بلکہ روتا چھوڑ گئے، ان کی وصیت کے مطابق ان کی میت، ان کے وطن ردولی دارالمصنفین کے کارکنوں اور ان کے قدر دانوں کے جلو میں لے جائی گئی، جہاں وہ چودھری خلیل احمد کی مسجد کے احاطہ میں سپرد خاک کئے گئے۔ اللھم اغفرلہ و الرحمۃ و ادخلہ الجنۃ۔
ان کی رحلت دارالمصنفین کے لئے حقیقی معنوں میں جانکاہ حادثہ ہے، استاذی المحترم مولانا سید سلیمان ندوی نے دارالمصنفین کو چھوڑا تو مولانا مسعود علی ندوی کا انتظامی سلیقہ، مولانا عبدالسلام ندوی کی علمی شہرت اور اس ادارہ سے خود جناب شاہ صاحب کی شیفتگی بروے کار رہی، عاجز راقم کو بھی اس کی خدمت میں گیارہ سال...

عورت کی ازدواجی حیثیت اور تولیدی صحت سے متعلق تصورات کا تجزیہ

The research examines socio-cultural stereo-typed beliefs and customs of Pakistani society regarding women’s conjugal rights and reproductive health. Islamic teachings recognize and ensure both categories of women rights; general and specific. Islam has acknowledged man and woman as equal and equivalent partners of the family system. There mutual cooperation lays the foundation of a peaceful, prosperous and healthy society. According to Islamic injunctions, the socio-economic environment of the society must ensure mutual trust, matrimonial harmony, and respect of rights for both men and women. The social norms need consistent evolution to be conducive to a happy life of individuals. It goes without saying that population growth must go hand in hand with papulation planning while prosperity is directly proportional to proper management of both human and economic resources. The present article analyzes the social stereo-types about women, their conjugal rights, family planning and care for women’s reproductive health, in the light of guidance provided by Qur’an and Sunnah. Islam.

Pakistan-Iran Relations Since 2005-2015 : Political and Economic Dimensions

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