Exploring the Role of Female Successor “Amrah Bint Abd Al-Raḥmān” in Narration of Prophetic Traditions

Although several studies have investigated the contribution of Muslim women about their lives and works in large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences until now, but much are needed to be explored. Doubtlessly 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān had contributed to the large corpus of the ḥadīth sciences and also the core of Islamic knowledge parallel to her male counterparts. By highlighting her efforts for learning and her struggle for transmission of fundamental text, reveals how a female successor acquired exemplary reputations in her era. Particularly, her rich insight, deep knowledge in ḥadīth sciences and exemplary piety attracted students and placed parallel to her male counterparts in Islamic knowledge of her time. In sum, this study not merely sheds light upon the prolific contribution of an eminent female successor 'Amrah bint 'Abd al-Raḥmān in ḥadīth narrations, but argues that these scholarly females should be given more credit for being interacting educators and not just transmitters. Doubtlewssly, the study would be helpful to revise our understandings of Islamic knowledge during early period of Islam regarding gendered dynamics and their great contribution to dissemination and transmission of classical text and Islamic knowledge.

Characterization and Efficacy of Different Aflatoxin Detoxifying Agents

For numerous decades poultry production has increased to meet the intensified meat demand, although, changes in production practices had significant effect on the progression of health challenges. Consequently, as the production was intensified, there was increase in animal health risk, some of the utmost important health challenges are related to feed quality. The growth of filamentous fungi, aside from its deterioration, notorious because of mycotoxin production, among them aflatoxins are drastically toxic that induces significant economic losses in poultry industry, such as decreased productivity and damages on poultry’s carcass. This research study was focused to explore the detoxifying potential of natural reservoirs for aflatoxin B1. By keeping an eye on diverse potentiating naturally occurring reservoirs, O. corniculata, L. edodes, C. pyrenoidosa, C. tetraglobana and sodium bentonite were selected to use them as detoxifier against aflatoxicosis in broiler chicks. The phytochemical investigation for O. corniculata for its phytochemical constituents revealed the presence of various secondary metabolites including flavonoids, alkaloids, terpenoids, tannins, coumarins, saponins, cardiac glycosides and phlobotannins while anthraquinones were absent. Carbohydrates were present in high concentration in C. tetraglobana, while, L. edodes was found to be rich source of fiber as compared to other selected samples determined by proximate analysis. Numerous techniques were used for characterization each having unique feature like XRD, SEM, TGA, FTIR and LIBS. Experimental aflatoxin production was carried out through fermentation on basmati rice and analyzed by using HPLC. In vivo, aflatoxicosis induction in broiler chicks AFB1 (350 ppb) in basal diet. A 35 days experiment was carried out in which broiler chickens were consuming two levels of L. edodes, C. tetraglobana, O. corniculata, C. pyrenoidosa, and sodium bentonite both with and without dietary aflatoxin. In this study, at weekly intervals, the data were collected and compared as traditional measures of aflatoxicosis (growth rate, feed consumption, FCR). The results of this study demonstrate that supplementation with LE (10%), CT (1%) and CP (500 mg) provided protection against negative effects on growth performance, serum traits, antioxidant status, liver and renal damage induced by AFB1. The current research study explored the selected naturally occurring aflatoxin detoxifiers in a very comprehensive and presented another approach of their biological aspects. These results may be used as foundation or prime study for the production of mycotoxin detoxifiers with least side effects, which not only detoxify the counteracting toxin but also improve nutritional index of broiler diet. Further detailed trials are recommended including animal model and cell lines.