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Performance Analysis of Cooperative Communications over Fading Channels

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Hussain Alvi, Sajid

Program

PhD

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13114/1/Thesis_Alvi_Final.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727808260

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Cooperative communications is a relatively new paradigm in wireless communications wherein communicating nodes collaborate with each other for information transfer. Such collaboration can achieve performance gains in terms of link reliability and coverage relative to non-cooperative communications under the same fading conditions. The Nakagami-m fading model is used extensively in the literature for performance analysis of cooperative systems and includes other models like Rayleigh as special cases when its fading parameter m takes particular values. Hyper-Rayleigh fading, which represents fading more severe than Rayleigh fading, is also represented by the Nakagami-m model with 0.5 ≤ m < 1. Hyper-Rayleigh fading has been observed in emerging wireless scenarios such as vehicle-to-vehicle communications and sensor communications within aircraft bodies. The performance analysis for cooperative links under hyper-Rayleigh fading is thus an interesting and challenging research problem. The submitted thesis aims to address performance analysis of dual-hop cooperative networks that employ fixed-gain/semi-blind Amplify-and-Forward (AF) relaying over Nakagami-m faded links. The first novel contribution of the submitted work is developing a new closedform expression for the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at destination for a pure dual-hop AF network with the direct link in deep fade. Then for the case of hyperRayleigh faded relay-destination link, a new upper-bound on the average SNR at destination is devised and is shown to be tighter than a previously proposed upper-bound that is based on the well-known harmonic-geometric mean inequality. A power allocation (PA) strategy across source and relay nodes is proposed and is shown to provide measurable performance gains in average SNR and consequently the outage probability (OP) at destination when compared with equal PA. The second novel contribution of the submitted work is an extension of the work in the first contribution in that the system model includes the direct link for maximum ratio combining (MRC) at destination. Furthermore, the Nakagamim parameter that is restricted to the range 0.5 ≤ m < 1 for hyper-Rayleigh fading analysis presented in the first contribution is relaxed in the second contribution for error performance analysis of the considered dual-hop AF network. Specifically, a simple yet accurate closed-form approximation for the average bit error probability (ABEP) and closed-form expressions for its tight upper and lower bounds are derived for coherently detected binary modulation. The proposed theoretical results and simulations are in excellent agreement and our performance bounds are shown to be tighter than the previously proposed bounds for the case of unbalanced relayed links.
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ڈاکٹر شہزاد احمد کی نعتیہ شاعری

ڈاکٹرشہزاد احمد کی نعتیہ شاعری
نعت کی مختصر روایت
عربی میں نعت کے معنی ’’وصف‘‘ کے ہیں لیکن اُردو میں اس کا استعمال حضور اکرم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی ستائش وثنا کے لیے مخصوص ہے۔(۱)اصطلاح میں ہر وہ نثر پارہ یا منظوم کلام جو رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی مدح میں ہو نعت کہلاتا ہے، نعت گوئی وصف محمود کا دوسرا نام ہے۔ اس بارے میں ڈاکٹر رفیع الدین اشفاق رقم طراز ہیں:
’’نعت کے معنی یوں تو وصف کے ہیں لیکن ہمارے ادب میں اس کا استعمال مجازاً حضرت رسول سیدالمرسلین صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کے وصف محمودو ثنا کے لیے ہوا ہے جس کا تعلق دینی احساس اور عقیدت مندی سے ہے۔‘‘(۲)
نعت کا آغاز اللہ رب العزت نے خود کیا اور انبیاء ورُسل کو نبی آخر الزماںصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کی آمد کی نوید سنائی۔ پھر قرآن مجید خود رسول کریم صلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کے اوصاف حمیدہ اور سراپامبارک کے بیان سے مزین ہے۔ یہ سلسلہ قبل ازاسلام سے جاری ہے۔ تبع حمیری جو شاہ یمن تھا، اُس کے اشعار زبان زد عام ہیں ۔ راجا رشید محمود کے مطابق:
’’اولین نعت کی حقیقت یہ ہے کہ ہمارے آقا و مولاصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم کے اولین نعت گو تبان اسعدبن کلی کرب تھے جنھیں تبع، شاہ یمن کہا جاتا ہے اور وہ حضورصلی اللہ علیہ و آلہٖ وسلم سے کم ازکم سات سو سال پہلے ہوئے ہیں۔‘‘(۳)
بعدازا سلام عرب میں پہلی نعت جناب ابوطالبؓ نے سردارانِ قریش کے سامنے کہی۔ یہ نعت قصیدے کی صنف میں تھی۔ اس کے بعد حضرت حسان بن ثابتؓ، عبداللہ بن رواحہؓ، کعب بن مالک انصاریؓ اور کعب بن زہیرؓ کاروان نعت کے وہ خوش نصیب شعرا ہیں جنھوں نے حیاتِ رسولؐ...

Negative Wash-Back of Formative Assessment to Learning in Saudi Higher Education Context

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