The Perception of Quran and Hadith on Bullying As a Social Problem

The present article aims to analyze bullying behavior in the light of the Holy Quran and the Sayings of the Holy Prophet. The Holy Quran and Hadiths were used for the collection of data. The data collected from the original text was verified/ screened by the researchers

Evaluation of Synthetc Derived Wheat Lines for Heat Stress Using Physiological and Agronomic Traits

Wheat production is decreasing continuously due to heat stress in the developing countries especially Pakistan. Every 1 ?C rise in temperature is resulting in 10% reduction in the yield of wheat worldwide. Therefore in order to overcome shortage of food in the near future better analysis of the wheat crops as well as improved research mechanisms are needed to enhance heat resistance in the existing wheat varieties. Present study was conducted to assess heat tolerance variation among thirty synthetic-derived wheat lines in order to identify new sources of diversity that could accelerate the development of improved wheat genotypes better suited to meet the challenges posed by changing climate in Pakistan. Plants were grown in plastic pots and heat stress was applied after post anthesis stage to determine the effect of heat stress on various morphological, agronomic and physiological traits. Heat stress significantly affected leaf area (LA), plant height (PH), number of fertile tillers (FT), Spike length (SL), Spikelet/spike (Sp/S), No. of seeds/Spike (NOS/S), 1000 seed weight (TSW), chlorophyll a and bcontent of leaves, membrane stability index (MSI) and also affected levels of proline. Statistical analysis of all the traits showed significant reduction in the particular trait as compared to their control data sets. Higher percentage reduction under heat stress reduced yields in (SDL1, 31.00), (SDL6, 32.00), (SDL29, 30.00) while minimum reduction under heat stress and maximum yield was observed for (SDL4, 45.00), (SDL5, 48), (SDL9, 44), (SDL12, 45.00), (SDL15, 49.00), (SDL19, 51.00), (SDL22, 45.00), (SDL23, 45.00) and (SDL27, 46.00) respectively. Reduction in physiological traits was recorded as 24.46% reduction in chlorophyll a (Chl-a), 28.19% chlorophyll b (Chl-b), 29.17% proline (Pro) content of leaf, 16.36% membrane stability index (MSI). In the same way in morphological trait a relative decrease in plant height (PH) 12%, days to physiological maturity (DM) 7.59%, fertile tillers (F/T) 21.43%, leaf area (LA) 25.58%, , spike length (SL) 25%, number of seeds per spike (NOS/S) 15.38%,and 1000 seed weight (TSW) 19.23%was observed. As a result it was observed that relative decrease in the yield contents in (SDL4), (SDL5), (SDL9), (SDL12), (SDL15), (SDL19), (SDL22), (SDL23) and (SDL27) was lesser as compared to all other genotypes so they can be considered as heat tolerant genotypes with potential to enrich genetic background of local wheat cultivars and can be used in breeding programs for the improvement of wheat production and can overcome food shortage in future.