Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology is deeply integrated in numerous contemporary applications. Recognized as the successor to the now-dated optical barcodes, RFID technology finds widespread deployment in diverse tracking, tracing, control and monitoring applications across supply chain, healthcare, and various other verticals. In its generic form, an RFID tag or transponder is typically made up of an antenna and an application-specific integrated circuit. In a passive UHF RFID system, which is the prime focus of this academic discourse, the communication among the transponder tags and the reader unit is set up by modulation of the backscattered signal by the transponder tag. More recently, a paradigm shift towards furnishing RFID tags with sensing capabilities has taken place. RFID-based sensors, particularly those operating in the UHF and UWB operational band, offer the potential to deploy fully-wireless sensor networks. However, certain operational challenges, such as the tag’s reliability, eco-friendliness, robustness and cost, still require improvement. The growth of RFID market has been two-dimensional. While the standalone RFID systems dominate one side of the market, the other side is dominated by a product strategy that focuses around integration of RFID tags with a wide array of pre-existing applications. The said is motivated by the need to serve a multitude of functions – sensing, broadcasting, navigation, and personal communication, to name a few. The aforementioned research, with its multidimensional focus, emphasizes on the production of RFID sensor tags which blend cost-effectiveness with reliability. The current research proposes novel sensors for detecting and estimating humidity and displacement realized as RFID tag antennas ready to integrate with demanding modern day applications. The most important aspect that governs the performance of an RFID system is the read range. In this research, several pivotal challenges for on-metal operation are resolved by coming up with novel structures drawing from patch antennas, in order to maximize the reading over which the tag can be interrogated. Sensor-enabled tag antennas provisioned with specific radio frequency identification circuits are designed, fabricated and tested under various design and operational constraints including limited antenna size, specific antenna impedance, and stringent radiation pattern requirements. The resulting novel sensor-integrated RFID tag antennas are amenable for deployment in the Internet of Everything.
سید مظفر حسین برنی کا تعلق”برن“ (بلند شہر) کے ایک ذی وقار خانو ادے سے تھا۔آپ نے جس گھرانے میں آنکھ کھولی اس میں خدمتِ علم وادب کی ایک طویل اور مسلسل روایت رہی ہے۔آپ14، اگست 1923ء کو بلند شہر میں پیدا ہوئے۔آپ کا تعلیمی سلسلہ بہت عمدہ رہا۔ آپ نے بی۔اے میں انگریزی ادب میں ٹمپل گولڈ میڈل حاصل کیا۔پھر انگریزی ہی میں ایم۔اے بھی کیا۔1947ء میں انڈین ایڈمنسٹریٹو سروس”آئی اے ایس“ کے مقابلہ کے پہلے امتحان میں کامیاب ہوئے اور ریاست اڑیسہ میں تعینات ہوئے۔مرکزی حکومت نے آپ کی صلاحیتوں سے بھر پور استفادہ کیا۔آپ جوائنٹ سیکرٹری کمیونٹی ڈویلپمنٹ رہے۔محکمہ زراعت میں جوائنٹ سیکرٹری رہے۔ایڈیشنل سیکریٹری وزارتِ پٹرولیم وکیمیکلزکاانتظامی عہدہ سنبھالے رکھا۔وزارتِ اطلاعات و نشریات کے اہم ترین ادارے میں سیکریٹری رہے۔بورڈ آف ریونیو میں رلیف کمشنر رہے۔چیف سیکرٹری اور ڈویلپمنٹ کمشنر کے اعلیٰ ترین عہدوں پر ذمہ داریاں سر انجام دیں۔وزارتِ داخلہ میں سیکرٹری جیسے عہدے پر کام کر کے نیک نامی حاصل کی۔ناگا لینڈ،منی پور،تری پورہ اور ہریانہ کے گورنر رہے۔مرکزی حکومت کے اقلیتی کمیشن کے چیرمین رہے۔پبلک سیکٹر کے تقریباً آٹھ اداروں میں ڈائریکٹر کی حیثیت سے ذمہ داریاں سرانجام دیں۔بہت سی بین الاقوامی کانفرنسوں میں شرکت کی اور تقریباً 24ممالک کی سیر و سیاحت بھی کی۔اتنی مصروفیت کے باوجود آپ کے دل میں فکرِ اقبال کو پروان چڑھانے کا جذبہ کبھی ماند نہ پڑااور کلیاتِ مکاتیبِ اقبال کی چار جلدیں ترتیب دے کر پاک و ہند میں اقبال شناسی کا نیا باب رقم کیا۔ آپ نے 7 فروری 2014ء کو دہلی میں وفات پائی۔ ایسے ہنگامے میں جب کہ مذہبی، لسانی اور علاقائی تعصب بڑھتا جا رہا تھا اس وقت برنی صاحب نے بھوپال میں ایک خطبہ دے کر وقت کی ضرورت اور تقاضوں کے عین مطابق فکرِ اقبال کا شعور بیدار کیا۔ہندوستان کی قومی تہذیب کو اگر کسی زبان کے...
Tujuan dari riset ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh secara parsial dan secara simultan antara firm size, leverage, cash holding, winner/loser dan profitabilitas terhadap perataan pada perusahaan sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia pada tahun 2019-2021. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif. Hipotesis dalam penelitian ini di uji menggunakan analisis regresi logistik dengan menggunakan software EViews 12. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Teknik Purposive Sampling yang menghasilkan 11 sampel perusahaan terpilih dalam kurun waktu 3 tahun sehinnga diperoleh 33 unit sampel perusahaan dalam sektor teknologi yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan variabel firm size, leverege dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perataan laba. Sedangkan cash holding dan winner/loser stock tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perataan laba. Untuk hasil pengujian hipotesis secara simultan antara firm size, leverage, cash holding, winner/loser stock dan profitabilitas berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perataan laba. Implikasi dari penelitian ini adalah agar perusahaan dapat mempertimbangkan terlebih dahulu damapak sebelum melakukan perataan laba.
This thesis is divided into three sections, Section A, Section B and Section C. Section A deals with ethnomedicinal studies of flora of Southern Punjab, Pakistan and establishment of a Herbarium in Lahore College for Women University. Section B consists of biological activity (antimicrobial and anticancer) of extracts of some of the plants collected from South Punjab and Section C describes the isolation and characterization of bioactive compounds by chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques. It is for the first time that the flora of Southern Punjab has been searched and reported. Complete ethno medicinal studies of 187 plants belonging to 52 families found in South Punjab is documented and also categorized therapeutically for the first time from this region. A first world class herbarium has been established in Lahore College for Women University by categorizing and preserving 186 voucher specimens of plants collected from all over Pakistan. The herbarium is named after the renowned teacher and pioneer Botanist Miss Prem Madan in dedication to her services in the field of Botany in Lahore College for Women University, Lahore. For biological activity seven popular ethnomedicinal plants collected from Southern Punjab namely Capparis decidua (Capparidaceae), Coronopus didymus (Brassicaeae), Heliotropium strigosum (Boraginaceae), Salsola kali (Chenopodiaceae), Salvadora oleoides (Salvadoraceae), Tamarix aphylla (Tamaricaceae) and Withania coagulans (Solanaceae) were selected for antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Topical anti tumor activity of these seven ethnomedicinal plants have been investigated in detail for the first time and all extracts of the Coronopus didymus, Salsola kali, Salvadora oleoides and Tamarix aphylla showed anti tumor activity and provided a new source of further exploration in this respect. While methanol extracts of Withania coagulans, Capparis decidua and Heliotropium stirgosum had been shown to possess best potential against the topical tumor for the first time. The Pet ether, methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Withania coagulans, Capparis decidua and Heliotropium strigosum reduced the malignancy and cured the fibrous hyperplasia. The screening of these selected medicinal plants for antibacterial activity against six bacterial strains namely Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilus and Sarcina lutae after fractionation in different solvents (methanol, pet ether, dichloromethane) by agar well diffusion method showed the methanol extracts to be more potent then pet ether and dichloromethane extracts. The antibiotic properties of these seven strains were studied against Sarcina lutae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial strains for the first time. Methanol extracts of Capparis decidua and Withania coagulans were found to be best bactericidal against all the tested bacterial strains. While methanolic extract of Heliotropium strigosum was very active against all the bacterial strains except Streptococcus pneumoniae. Synergistically Withania coagulans in combination with Pinus wallichiana, Capparis decidua, Hypericum perforatum, Heliotropium strigosum, Coronopus didymus and Salvadora oleoides showed best activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC > 0.1μg/ml) only. The methanolic extract of Salsola kali in equal amounts with Senecio chrysthenoides synergistically inhibited the growth of all bacterial strains except Sarcina lutae. The screening of pet ether, methanolic and dichloromethane extracts of Coronopus didymus, Withania coagulans, Capparis decidua, Salsola kali, Heliotropium strigosum, Salvadora oleoides, and Tamarix aphylla was performed against seven fungal strains namely Trichoderma viridis, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium laterifum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Trichophyton mentogrophytes and Microsporum canis . By using ANOVA critical value F.05 (6, 36) = 2.38 the plant extracts were compared with other antifungal drugs and it was found that extracts of Capparis decidua, Withania coagulans and Heliotropium strigosum showed best antifungal activity against all the fungal strains.(F-Table value< F-calculated value). On the basis of ethnomedicinal studies and for showing best biological activity three medicinal plants namely Heliotropium strigosum, Withania coagulans and Calotropis procera were selected for isolation and identification of bioactive principles and some other useful applications so as to explore the potential of these plants on commercial basis. Due to its reported biological activityl, abundance and wild nature and use as heavy metal ion remover Calotropis procera was also selected for the first time for identification of its organic phytochemicals having functional groups responsible of removing Cr (III) by spectroscopic techniques so as to put it to some commercial use. Two Flavonoid aglycones Taxifolin (1) and quercetin (2) had been isolated from Heliotropium stirgosum for the first time and identified by comparison of their spectral data with that given in the literature. Taxifolin (1) Quercetin (2) GC MS studies had resulted in identification of the following compounds in Withania coagulans essential oil for the first time, 1. Cyclohexane (3) (C6H6) 2. Borane carbonyl (4) (CH3BO) 3. 3-methyl, hexane (5) (C7H8) 4. Heptane (6) (C7H16) 5. Hexanoic acid (7) (C6H12O2) 6 Nonanoic acid (8) (C9H18O2) While n-hexane fraction of Calotropis procera was subjected to GC MS analysis following open-chain carboxylic acids and their methyl esters were identified, 1. n-Heptanoic acid methyl ester (9) (C8H16O2) 2. n-Decenoic acid (10): (C10H18O2) 3. n-Nonanoic acid methyl ester (11) (C10H20O2) 4. n-Decenoic acid methyl ester (12) (C11H20O2) The FT-IR spectra before and after adsorption of Calotropis procera roots indicated that bonded –OH groups and /or –NH and carboxyl groups especially played a major role in chromium (III) biosorption which was confirmed by GC MS analysis of Calotropis procera showing the presence of carboxylic acids for the first time.