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Sampled-Data Regulation Based on Realizable Reconstruction Filter

Thesis Info

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Author

Liaquat, Muwahida

Program

PhD

Institute

National University of Sciences & Technology

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2013

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Engineering & Technology

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/14641/1/2479S.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2023-01-06 19:20:37

ARI ID

1676727828383

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خلاصہ بحث

فقہی اور قانونی فکر کے حوالے سےمسلم تمدن جس انتشار کا شکار ہے اس کے سدباب کے لیے اہل علم کو فرو عی مسائل میں الجھنے کی بجائے مسالک کو قریب کرنے کے لیے کام کرنا چاہیے۔

ڈاکٹر غزالی ‘‘احکام القرآن’’ کے بارے میں کہتے ہیں کہ حنفی فقہی روایت کی شان و شوکت یہ تفسیر ہے۔ البتہ یہاں ایک اہم سوال ہے کہ احکام قرآن پر جتنی بھی تفاسیر لکھی گئیں۔ ان کا بڑا ہدف اور مقصد اپنے مسلک کی نگہبانی کرنا ہے اسی وجہ سے فقہی تفسیر اپنی علمیت اور موضوعیت کھو بیٹھی۔ دراصل مولانا اشرف علی تھانوی کی یہ تفسیر عالم اسلام کے اطراف سے اٹھنے والی ایک مخلص صدا کا ایک سلسلہ ہے۔ جس سے مراد یہ ہے کہ اسلامی فقہی مسالک و مذاہب سے بیزاری مسائل کا حل نہیں اوران لوگوں کے لیے لمحہ فکریہ ہے جو فقہی مدارس کو فرقہ واریت کا سبب قرار دیتے ہیں۔ ان کو اس ملک سے نکال دینا چاہیے کیونکہ امت کے مرض کی تشخیص اور اس کے علاج کی تجویز میں ہر دور میں غلطی ہوئی ہے ۔

عصر حاضر میں حصول انصاف میں مشکلات مسلم فکر کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ

Islam has given a complete code of life to run the system of this universe, which started with the arrival of Hazrat Adam (A.S) in this world and was completed with the Prophet (P.B.U.H). It is a comprehensive and system in which the individual and the rights and duties of both congregations are based on the concept of justice and fairness. Under this system of Islam, the supreme command on earth is only Allah’s persons, the position of man is that of vicegerent and caliph, mans responsibility is to carry out all the affairs of life according to the will of Allah. The earth and its resources will created for the benefits of all mankind. All human beings have the right to use them according to their needs, but no individual has the right to seize or hoard these resources to the detriment of others. Just as every person has rights, such as protection of life and property, honor and reputation, so it is also his duty to provide comfort and relief to no other people and not to cause any harm to anyone.

Study of Genetic Mutation Responsible for Multi Drug Resistance in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates of Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne disease caused by bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB is one of the ever- growing health problems across the globe. Its control has been hindered by the emergence of drug resistance developed by the bacterium against key drugs used for treatment of the disease. The objective of the current study was to analyze the genetics and epidemiology of multi drug resistant tuberculosis in Azad Jammu & Kashmir. A total of 69 samples from tuberculosis suspects were screened for M. tuberculosis strains through sputum smear microscopy using Ziehl-Neelsen staining.All of the samples, either positive or negative in the smear microscopy, were checked for drug resistance by performing Xpert MTB/RIF assay. Study results showed a total of 32 samples (46.38%) were positive for M. tuberculosis in smear microcopy, whereas 56 out of 69 (81.15%) samples appeared positive in Xpert MTB/RIF assay, which establishes the authenticity of Gene Xpert assay over smear microscopy. Xpert MTB/RIF assay revealed that 4 out of 56 positive samples exhibited mutations in rpoB gene. Occurrence of tuberculosis in this study was higher in males (55.07%) than females (44.93%). The majority of the tuberculosis cases were aged between 11 to 30 years (46.38%). The medical history including incidence of adverse drug reactions during the treatment of the tuberculosis suspects were also examined. Epidemiology of MDR-TB indicated that Muzaffarabad had higher prevalence of MDR-TB than other areas of Azad Jammu & Kashmir. The unsatisfactory knowledge of Participants about MDR-TB and its diagnostics is critical highlights the dire need to develop educational programs for MDR-TB awareness in community along with treatment and prevention of this deadly menace.