The basic goal of this study was to discover the socio-cultural effects of television on women television viewers in province of Punjab. It targeted women in selected districts between the ages of 15-45 years. The study recorded the women’s television viewing pattern, level of viewing, preferred television transmission, favorite television programs, favorite watching time and reasons for television viewing. It also analyzed the relationship between level of viewing and demographic information of respondents’ i.e. rural or urban background, age, education, employment status and marital status and television facility. The study crossed checked the demographic characteristics with the television viewing pattern as well as the opinion about television. A total of 1500 sample of respondents was taken from selected districts of the Punjab province out of which 750 from rural background and 750 from urban background. The findings of the research study indicated the respondents viewing habits, liking, disliking and effects. The data was analyzed through SPSS analysis and the findings have been presented in the forms of charts and tables. In order to evaluate the study the researcher has formulated the combination of three theories. In this study, survey method has been applied to obtain data from large representative population. It was also focused in this study that what they think about the television as a medium of information, entertainment, knowledge and tool of political socialization in their lives. The hypotheses of the study were also cheeked through the statistical test chi-square. The study also identified a few areas for future researchers.
محمد فاروق نعمانی افسوس ہے کہ ۲۶ و ۲۷؍ اپریل کی درمیانی شب میں جناب محمد فاروق نعمانی نے الٰہ آباد میں داعی اجل کو لبیک کہا، وہ مولانا شبلی کے برادر زادہ اور مولوی محمد اسحق صاحب وکیل ہائی کورٹ کے صاحبزادے تھے، جو اعظم گڑھ میں مولانا کے علمی و تعلیمی اور خاندانی جائداد اور زمینداری کے کاموں میں ان کے خاص دست و بازو تھے، ان کے انتقال پر مولانا نے ایسا پُر درد مرثیہ لکھا جو اردو کی عزائیہ شاعری میں بے مثال ہے، فاروق صاحب اس وقت کم سن تھے، اس کی طرف مولانا نے اس شعر میں اشارہ کیا ہے۔ لاڈلے ہیں کہ کسی اور کے بس کے بھی نہیں اس کے بچے ابھی سات آٹھ برس کے بھی نہیں فاروق صاحب شبلی کالج کے پرجوش اور سرگرم ممبر تھے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی ان کو گہرا اور جذباتی تعلق تھا، یہاں کی دعوتوں اور مجلسوں میں شریک رہتے، صوم و صلوٰۃ کے پابند تھے، لاگ لپیٹ ان کو نہیں آتا تھا۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ مغفرت فرمائے اور پس ماندگان کو صبر جمیل عطا کرے، آمین۔ (ضیاء الدین اصلاحی۔ مئی ۱۹۹۷ء)
A group of contemporary rationalists have repeatedly maintained that the rulings derived from the Sunnah have a historical framework that does not transcend them. After being proved, they must remain locked in the time in which they were said, and we are not obliged to follow them. The prophetic interpretation of the Qur'anic text is not the only interpretation, Is one possible form of interpretation. The rationalists market some evidence of this, including: copies, reasons for descent and causes of roses, and the language of some Koranic verses. In this research we will discuss the issue of this issue, and the statements of the parties and their evidence.
The effects of the constant and space-dependant flows of plasma species on the linear and nonlinear dynamics of low frequency electrostatic and electromagnetic waves are studied by using fluid theory. The nonlinear structures such as solitons, double layers and vortices produced by plasma flows are studied under local approximation. The theoretical model is applied to space and astrophysical plasmas where the particle velocity distributions exhibit non-Maxwellian behavior, in general. Therefore the nonlinear structures have also been investigated considering kappa, qnonextensive and Cairn''s distributions etc. of lighter species. The characteristics of these structures such as the width and amplitude of solitons and double layers are modified in a non-Maxwellian plasma significantly as compared to those when the lighter particles are Maxwellian. The Sagdeev pseudo-potential appraoch has been employed to get the strongly nonlinear dynamics for the formation of solitons and double layers (DLs), while the small amplitude limits are also obtained. Both uniform and sheared flows give rise to instabilities of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves. The effects of non-Maxwellian distributions on the new type of drift wave, which appear even in density homogeneous plasmas and, appear due to sheared flow of electrons and ions in the stationary dust plasmas have been pointed out. The coupling of this mode with Alfvén wave is also investigated and electromagnetic vortices are obtained. Comparison of this research work with initial studies is also presented and theoretical model is applied to Saturn''s and Jupiter’s magnetosphere for the sake of illustrations. An analysis of the sheared flow driven instabilities with kinetic approach is also presented and comparison with fluid theory is discussed.