دیا نرائن نگم ، بی ۔ اے
اردو زبان کے مشہور پرانے رسالہ زمانہ کے اڈیٹر دیانرائن نگم نے اسی مہینہ وفات پائی، کالج سے نکلنے کے ساتھ انہوں نے بریلی میں زمانہ کو جو اردو کا ایک معمولی رسالہ تھا، اپنی ادارت میں لیا اور اس کو کانپور لائے اور اس حد تک چمکایا کہ اردو کے رسالوں میں گناجانے لگا، بلکہ اس وقت وہ اردو کا سب سے پرانا رسالہ ہے، پریم چند آنجہانی کو وہی سب سے پہلے اسٹیج پر لائے، ان کے علاوہ اور بہت سے اچھے لکھنے والے اور کہنے والے ہندو اور مسلمان نوجوانوں نے ان کے سایۂ قلم میں تربیت پائی اور کہنا چاہئے کہ زمانہ صرف انہی کی بدولت ہندو اور مسلمان اہل قلم کا سنگم اب تک رہا اور اس کو دیکھ کر تسکین ہوتی تھی کہ ہندو مسلمانوں کی پرانی تہذیب کے شیدائی ہندو ابھی تک زندہ ہیں۔
مدت سے جسے دورِ زماں میٹ رہا ہے
امید ہے کہ زمانہ آئندہ بھی اپنے بانی کی یادگار میں اس کی بنائی ہوئی روش پر چلتا رہے گا۔ تاکہ اس اختلاف آباد ہند کی اس آندھی میں دیانرائن کا یہ دیا جلتا رہے۔
(سید سلیمان ندوی، دسمبر ۱۹۴۲ء)
Before the advent of Islam, women were living in worst conditions during the Era of Ignorance. Daughters were buried alive. Women were openly sold in the market. A woman was just a source of enjoyment for males and nothing else. She had no basic rights. Even she had no share in inheritance. In human history, it is Islam that for the first time gave due respect to woman by providing her basic rights and proper status. Islam believes in equality of men and women – ‘Equality’ does not mean ‘to become identical’. Women’s rights in Islam pertain to Spiritual, Economic, Educational and Legal Rights. A woman can adopt any profession, she wants. Thus, she has got full freedom to live a happy and peaceful life. Unfortunately, there are many people who believe that because Islam gives men the right of having authority over their wives, therefore, men are superior to women and that men have priority over women in all matters. The fact is that according to Islamic teachings, men are not superior to women; and so women are not superior to men. There is no gender discrimination in Islam. Allah Almighty states very clearly in the Holy Quran that superior in His eyes are only those who have more taqwa (fear of Almighty Allah).
The work described here deals with the synthesis and characterization of inorganic and hybrid perovskite for light harvesting applications. The inorganic lead and copper based metal halide perovskites were prepared and their fluorescent sensing ability was explored. The all-inorganic bulk CsCuCl3 and CsCuBr3 perovskites were synthesized by wet chemical method and were used for sensing of lead ions and aqueous contamination in DMF respectively. On the other hand, aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition (AACVD) technique was adopted to fabricate thin films of CsPbBr2I. The oleylamine capping agent facilitates the formation of morphological controlled microsquares on the glass substrate. In addition, nanosquares of CsPbBr2I perovskite were prepared by wet chemical approach. Furthermore, phase pure micro sized crystals of CsPbBr2I were obtained by using TOP as antisolvent as well as capping agent to control morphology of microcrystals. These microcrystals were then used for nitrophenol detection. The CsPbBr2I bulk perovskite were used to fabricate ZnO based planner solar cell which have shown promising power conversion efficiency of 4.8%. The as-prepared metal halide perovskite were characterized by powdered X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (pXRD), UV-Visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). In addition, thermal and water stable OHNH3PbX3 hybrid perovskites were prepared for photocatalysis application to degrade dye molecules. Whereas, the synthesis of (Cs)x(PhNH3)2-xPbBr4-xIx perovskite nanoparticles were performed to develop qusai-2D structures. The replacement of B site cations to develop lead free CH3NH3Pb1-xCuxBr3 hybrid perovskites was described. The gradual replacement of lead with copper leads to the formation of lead free hybrid perovskite nanoparticles and thin film. These hybrid perovskites have shown interesting optical properties.