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Spatial Fuzzy Intelligence System for Land Suitability Model

Thesis Info

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Author

Ashraf, Ather

Program

PhD

Institute

University of the Punjab

City

Lahore

Province

Punjab

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2018

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/11409/1/Ather%20Ashraf_CS_2015_UoPunajb_PRR.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727838144

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Agriculture has a significant role in the development of this world trade economy in historical perspective. Now, for the betterment of foodstuff security and foreign debt strategies, observing the assumptions behind the production of national agriculture in countries like Pakistan seek attention. For those countries whose economy directly depends on agriculture it is essential for them to get precision in this field. Information System like GIS provides the set of tools to handle the upcoming issues related in this world. Fuzzy GIS is a newly emerging field of computational intelligence. It combines fuzzy logic with spatial context. Most of the natural phenomena are fuzzy in nature. They show a degree of uncertainty or vagueness in their extent and attribute, which cannot be expressed by a crisp value. Agriculture is one of the fields of spatial domain which needs to be described in fuzzy terms. Fertilizer is a key input for the agriculture sector. In this research, the spatial surfaces of fertilizers are developed for the wheat crop using a fuzzy decision support system. The algorithm of our system takes soil nutrients and cropping time as input, applies fuzzy logic on the input values, defuzzifies the fuzzy output to crisp value and generates a fertilizer surface. We have also shown the use of type-II fuzzy sets for developing a fuzzy system for the generation of a fertilizer surface within a specified spatial extent, given nutrients of soil and cropping time. The type-II fuzzy system provides the capability of handling a higher level of uncertainty in defining the linguistic classes of nutrients in soil. This research has presented a basic platform for the development of spatial surfaces using a fuzzy and type-II fuzzy inference engine based on human linguistic values. The resultant output surface of fertilizer using fuzzy or type-II fuzzy describes the amount of fertilizer needed to cultivate a specific crop in a specified area. The complexity of our algorithm is ( ), where is the height of the raster, is the width of the raster, and is the number of expert rules. Though the analysis presented in this research are only for irrigated wheat crop, but they clearly depict that the use of a fuzzy inference system in a GIS can help identify the spatial patterns of the requirement of fertilizers for any crop.
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خان الخلیلی بازار

خان الخلیلی بازار

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Exploring the Practices of a Head Teacher in Enhancing Community Participation in a Public Secondary School in District Quetta, Balochistan

Community participation in schools has been widely advocated by researchers in the developed and developing countries. As schools get overwhelmed with so many innovations, new programmes, and competing priorities, they require more resources and sources of support. Thus communities to which schools serve have become a great source of support and resources, both human and material. This is very true for schools in Pakistan, particularly the public sector schools, which lack in effective governance and management and resources. Therefore there is a dire need for increasing communities’ active and meaningful participation in schools. However it is not known what can really increase communities’ active participation in schools and who can play the lead role in making this happen. There seems to be a consensus amongst researchers, practitioners, and policy makers that the head teacher can play the most crucial role in achieving greater level of community participation in a school. Thus keeping in view the centrality of the head teacher’s role, this study looked into the perceptions and practices of the head teacher in increasing community participation in a public sector secondary school in the district of Quetta, Balochistan. An exploratory qualitative case study approach was used to conduct this study. The data were generated through semi-structured interviews, observations, document analysis, and informal conversations with five purposively selected participants including the head teacher, two teachers, and two community members. The findings of the study revealed that the head teacher did play a key role in bridging the gap between the school and the local community. The head teacher’s perceptions about community participation in school, his leadership approach, and practices in and outside the school determine the level and purpose of community participation. Based on the findings, the study draws a few conclusions having implications for school leadership, community leaders, policy makers and researchers.