The Green Roof Water recycling system (GROW) was established at Teachers hostel, Mehran UET. Jamshoro. Grey water generated at hostel was treated through above said system. The operating parameters i.e flow rate and HRT were optimized. The various local plant species were planted in the GROW system and their contaminant uptake/ removal efficiency was measured by analyzing influent and effluent COD, BOD and TSS respectively. This study finds the GROW System as most suitable technology to treat greywater in hot climates. The grey water flow rate for GROW system was optimized as 0.720 m3.d-1with HRT of one day giving both better pollutant removal and green water yield. The optimized air flow rate was also found as 5.0 Liters/min., giving maximum pollutants elimination efficacies for BOD5, COD and TSS as 77%,73% and 58% respectively. Influent greywater was characterized in terms BOD5, 107±38 mg/L, COD 235.8±66 mg/Land TSS 96±45 mg/L These values were found close to the literature cited. GROW System performance under mixed mode plantation gave promising results in removal of BOD, COD and TSS as 78.2±11%, 64.9±10.7% and 78.89±16.8% respectively. The influent grey water was medium category COD: BOD ratio ranged 0.4-0.6, which is indicative of medium to high biodegradability The indigenous Ninthra (Mentha requienii) and Mothapalm or River lily (Crinum pedunculatum)) plant species gave highest results in removal of pollutants. The rice (Oriza/satival) specie also performed well, whereas, the Water-Hyacinth specie was very successful in removing COD upto 47%. The combined effect of all species grown separately in row 2 – 5 including first row of filter bed gave excellent performance of GROW system as BOD5, COD and TSS removal up to 82%, 93.5% and 85% respectively. The treated effluent concentration in terms of BOD5, COD and TSS are 19.9 mg/L, 71.9 mg/L and 18.40 mg/L respectively, which is far less than the Sindh Environmental Quality Standards (SEQS ,2016), for disposal of treated waste water in to inland waters. This water can be used for toilet flushing and home gardening, if handled with care. A new GROW Model was developed and validated with the experimental data, this model predicts effluent concentration of BOD, COD and TSS more accurately as compared with the Kinetic Model. Finally, the design guidelines are also proposed for the application of GROW Technology in the urban settings.
In today’s world mankind seems to be skidding towards chaos and violence. Mankind is divided on the lines of faith, race, sect, colour, cast, language and creed. Odium and intolerance have become the orders of the day. This condition pushes to take the refuge of religion but the religious radicalism, intolerance and discrimination are also in the fold. In this situation Sufi message comes to give shelter for peace, love and humanity. The enlightened Sufi message is not for one nation, race, or community but it is for the whole of humanity. Pakistan has faced terrified situations due to dangerous trends of religious extremism, radicalism and social intolerance. In order to understand this problem, the concept of Sufism has been applied. This has been used as an approach / methodology to evade from hated and violent tendency to reorient Pakistan back on the track to peace and prosperity. Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa provinces of Pakistan have been taken as case study to give the empirical evidence. This study demonstrates that the enlightened message of Sufism has enough potential to bring back peaceful environment.
Female albino mice, on postnatal day 10, were subjected to left carotid artery ligation followed by 8% hypoxia for 25 minutes. During short term experiments three sensorimotor reflexes (Righting, Cliff Aversion and Negative geotaxis) were determined along with brain infarcts to demonstrate the effect of hypoxic-ischemic insult. During long term experiments, mice with and without hypoxic ischemic insult (HI and NO HI) were divided in to three treatments on the basis of diet supplementation (Normal rodent diet, 1% and 3% creatine supplemented diet) for 10 week following weaning on postnatal day 20. A battery of neurological tests was used to asses long term neurofunction (Rota rod, open field and Morris water maze) along with infarct measurement and determination of interleukin-6 and 18 in serum. During short term experiments mice subjected to hypoxia ischemia on postnatal day 10 exhibited poor sensorimotor reflexes 1 and 24 hour after brain injury. During long term experiment, it was observed that overall creatine supplementation in both HI and NO HI group improved neuromuscular performance but the affect was more pronounced in 3% creatine supplemented treatment. In open field, creatine supplementation enhanced locomotory and exploratory behaviour significantly in HI treated mice. During morris water maze it was observed that creatine supplementation improved spatial memory and enhanced swimming speed in both HI and NO HI groups. A significant affect of creatine supplementation in reducing infarct size was also observed. It was noticed that creatine supplementation helped in reducing IL-6 concentrations while no significant effect was observed on IL-18 concentrations in serum of female albino mice during long term experiment following hypoxic ischemic insult. Overall female albino mice supplemented with creatine monohydrate during neurological studies demonstrated better learning abilities and neuromuscular coordination and the affect was more pronounced in HI treated mice. It was also observed that the mice supplemented with 3% creatine diet performed better than mice on 1% creatine diet during series of neurological test batteries in both HI and NO HI group.