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Text-Independent Speaker Verification System for Pashto Speakers With Accent and Dialect Recognition

Thesis Info

Access Option

External Link

Author

Shah, Shahid Munir

Program

PhD

Institute

University of Sindh

City

Jamshoro

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2019

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Computer Science

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/12409/1/Shahid%20Munir%20Shah%20Information%20TEch%202019%20uni%20of%20sindh%20prr.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727847035

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In this thesis, “a text-independent speaker verification system for Pashto speakers using accent and dialect recognition approach” has been designed. The purpose of the designed system is to recognize the region of origin of Pashto native speakers on the basis of their distinct dialects and to verify them using a speaker verification system. Due to the unavailability of the Pashto voice data in the form of different accents and dialects, a Pashto speakers’ database using different dialects of Pashto was developed. In order to develop the data initially, different dialectical variations of Pashto language were studied in detail and then the speech data was collected only from those different regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan where the Pashto is spoken with different dialects. After the database development, it is processed through front end and feature extraction processes where Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) features have been extracted from the collected data. After the MFCC feature vectors have been obtained, a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) based classifier was designed to classify the speakers. Two separate classification experiments were performed (1) Speaker identification followed by dialect identification (2) Text-independent speaker verification followed by dialect identification. Speaker identification followed by dialect identification achieved 96.0 % identification accuracy, whereas, speaker verification followed by dialect identification achieved 100 % verification accuracy. Furthermore, the proposed Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) based dialect identification system achieved 93.8 % identification accuracy in identifying Pashto native dialects. In order to inspect the noise robustness of the proposed system, the system’s performance was checked with the different degrees of noise level and Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) was computed for each degree of noise. The performance of the system showed slightly degradation with the increase in the noise level, hence, showed its robustness against noise. A simple Pashto digits recognition (1 to 10 digits of Pashto) was also included in the study using MLP, HMM & SVM classifiers. Comparative analysis showed that the SVM based Pashto digit recognizer with 98.5 % recognition accuracy outperformed both the MLP and HMM based Pashto digit recognizers by showing 1.3 % and 3.3 % improvement in recognition accuracy. In order to benchmark the proposed research, the system’s performance was further tested on classifying some foreign accent of Pashto (Urdu accent of Pashto). In case of classifying the Urdu accent of Pashto, the system achieved 74.4 % recognition accuracy. Finally, the results achieved in the conducted experiments were compared with the recently proposed state of the art dialect identification, speaker verification and Pashto digit recognition systems. Comparative study showed that the proposed system outperformed some recently proposed dialect identification as well as speaker verification systems and showed relative improvement in recognition accuracies.
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رواداری

رواداری
نحمدہ ونصلی علی رسولہ الکریم امّا بعد فاعوذ بااللہ من الشیطن الرجیم
بسم اللہ الرحمن الرحیم
معزز اساتذہ کرام اور میرے ہم مکتب ساتھیو!
آج مجھے جس موضوع پرلب کشائی کی سعادت حاصل ہورہی ہے وہ ہے:’’رواداری‘‘
جنابِ صدر!
رواداری ایک ایسی اخلاقی صفت ہے، ایک ایسی صفتِصالحہ ہے، ایک ایسی عادتِ حسنہ ہے۔ جو اس صفت سے متصف ہوتا ہے۔ اس کے خیالات پا کیزہ ہو جاتے ہیں، اس کے تصورات میں ہم آہنگی ہو جاتی ہے۔ اس کی نشست و برخاست اور قیام وقعود میں توازن پیدا ہوجاتا ہے۔
صدرِذی وقار!
رواداری سے گلشنِ ہستی میں بہار آجاتی ہے ، قوت رواداری سے طائر غور وفکر کی اڑان بلندی پر ہوتی ہے۔ رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد معاشرے کے ماتھے کا جھومر ہوتے ہیں، رواداری کے شجربار آور کے نیچے اُگنے والا نہال بھی انفرادی خصوصیات کا حامل ہوتا ہے۔ رواداری کے گلشن میں خس و خاشاک نہیں اگتے سودمند خودرو پودوں کا اضافہ ہوتا ہے۔
جنابِ صدر!
رواداری ایک انسان کی دوسرے انسان سے محبت کا نام ہے، ایک فرد کا دوسرے فرد سے خوشگوار رابطے کا نام ہے، ایک شخص کی دوسرے شخص کے ساتھ پائیدارشناسائی کا نام ہے، روادار لوگوں سے ہر کوئی قربت کا متمنی و آرزومند ہوتا ہے، رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد میدانِ اخوت ومودّت کے شاہسوار ہوتے ہیں۔ رواداری کا مظاہرہ کرنے والے افراد جہاں کہیں بھی ہوتے ہیں، آفتاب و ماہتاب کی طرح نورفشاں رہتے ہیں۔
صدرِذی وقار!
رواداری صرف یہ نہیں کہ ظاہری اعضاء اس کی نشاندہی کریں۔ ظاہری اعضاء کی حرکت کو دیکھ کر اندازہ لگایا جائے کہ شخص روادار ہے، چہرے کی بشاشت اور چمک کو دیکھ کر باور ہو جائے کہ یہی رواداری ہے، کسی شخص کی نشست و برخاست سے یہ اندازہ لگانے میں...

جرم و سزائے ارتداد پر قرآن حکیم سے متعلقہ شبہات کا تحقیقی جائزہ جرم و سزائے ارتداد پر قرآن حکیم سے متعلقہ شبہات

According to Islamic Criminal Law, Apostasy is a crime, severely punishable in this world and hereafter. Some people are of the view that worldly punishment is not mentioned in Quran. Rather the rule has been given that a man is free to choose or give up any religion; no one would be compelled in this regard. This is essential to contemplate this critical matter; What is the accurate interpretation of the verses of the Quran in this regard? How the worldly punishment of Apostasy is derived from Quran? What is the meaning of "There is no coercion in Islam"? Either Islam prohibits every form of coercion or it has also been used in some commands of Islam?  In this article, a critical analysis of these doubtful questions regarding the punishment of Apostasy is presented in the context of the Holy Quran.

Development Plan Practices to Manage Spatial Growth in Major Cities of Pakistan

The development plans for cities intend an important means of reaching physical, economical and social goals, through their effects on public and private development. In developed countries many researchers have confirmed that it has a powerful influence on the revitalization of existing city for livability, future spatial expansion, quality and pattern of the cities. However, many developing countries are facing impediments to implement such plans and Pakistan has no exception. The literature exemplifies various reasons for the failure; prominent among those are inadequate legal and regulatory support, incapacitated institutions, vicious political interference and the plans quality itself. This research proceeds to review the development plans of all major cities of Pakistan. This review assesses the plans’ quality, planning process, subsequent implementation and the legal support mechanism used for these plans. While various research works regarding these plans were analyzed to assess the real causes of their poor implementation. Peshawar city is selected for detailed study under this research. The reasons are manifolds: the foremost is its continuous attempts of Development Plan efforts since 1965; the researcher’s familiarity with the city; a provincial head quarter and the current trajectory of urban sprawl due to Afghan refugees and Internally Displace Persons (IDPs). Besides, the provincial headquarters cities have enjoyed preferential development initiatives (especially for mega projects) from central and provincial government. More over provincial headquarter cities are different from other cities in their economical potential to promote development and employment opportunities. Therefore, this research work is framed to find out actual cause of the consecutive failures of urban development plans in Peshawar city. The methodology developed for this task is to assess development plan in a comprehensive manner to incorporate all aspects which necessarily influenced the development plan. These aspects are spread in its Pre-Preparation stage, Preparation stage and at Adoption/Implementation stage. The relation of all these aspects is ascertained through various methodological approaches. The Pre-Preparation stage entails that every time huge expenses are made for the preparation of development plans for cities, but a lack of proper evaluation of the previous efforts or understanding of the actual process involved in the city’s growth, diverges the plan making spirit/goal into unintended results. This not only causes the wastage of public money but its consequences paralyze the livability of the cities for ever. The review of previous development plans to contain sprawl and to promote planned development as well as to analyze the development authority’s role during plans implementation is a necessary part of this stage to learn a lesson. It helps to sort out viable option and practices for development authorities, to effectively utilize city enclaves and to accommodate population growth in a planned manner. Efforts are also made to draw attention to strengthen/strategize good governance of the city district government for collective endeavor of the line agencies in public and private sectors to effectively achieve the goals and to avoid further failure of planned development efforts in the country. The preparation stage deals with the quality of the development plan, its goals setting, data analysis as well as projection and methods used for the development of proposals. Public participation and the plan approval are the other necessary aspects studied. While the implementation stage of the plan covers the appraisal of ground realities and that of the plan. Three different techniques are used to verify the plan implementation. These are the Development and Building Control aspects, the Annual Development Plan assessment and the identification and selection of the plan’s deviated areas. Finally recommendations are made on the basis of the finding being met through the process mentioned above.