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Triple Gem Detector Electronics & Control System for Cms Forward Muon Upgrade

Thesis Info

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External Link

Author

Waqar Ahmed

Program

PhD

Institute

COMSATS University Islamabad

City

Islamabad

Province

Islamabad.

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2017

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Electrical Engineering

Language

English

Link

http://prr.hec.gov.pk/jspui/bitstream/123456789/13023/1/PhDThesis.pdf

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727851762

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The European laboratory for nuclear research, (CERN) is the world''s largest par- ticle physics laboratory, having complex particle accelerators and detectors. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the two general purpose detectors in- stalled at Large Hadron Collider (LHC). After the discovery of Higgs Boson at the LHC in 2012, upgrade intended towards high luminosity in order tond the new particle which is believed to greatly extend the potential to study the properties of the Higgs Boson. High Luminosity LHC (HL LHC) conditions will severely a ect the performance of the CMS muon system and other detectors, especially in the very forward region where the magneticeld is low and the particle rate is high. Research and development topics/projects proposed by the CMS GEM Collabora- tion aimed to design, develop and test GE1/1 detectors, on-odetector electronic hardware architectures and detector control system (DCS), most suited to muon end-caps upgrade. Therefore, these three topics/projects were explored during this research and development work. First project included assembly and testing of the small and large GE1/1 detec- tors. The CMS high eta region requirements for muon detector were demanding in terms of particle rates and integrated charges. Research work reported in literature indicated that the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) has relatively better capability to handle the huge particle rates. Originally it consisted of a thin composite sheet with two copper layers separated by a thin insulator and perforated by a regular matrix of holes. After extensive research and experimentation it was found out that the gain of existing GEM detector can be improved with the integration of three GEM foils in a single detector later named as Triple GEM. After several tests with small (10 X 10 cm2) and large sizes (9 X (22 - 44.5) cm2) GEM detector''s e ciency of 98% and 9 ns time resolution were achieved. For bulk production of GEM detectors, procedures and quality control steps were de ned, including gain uniformity, time resolution, spatial resolution and detector e ciency. This particular research and development work led to an on-odetector electronic hard- ware architectures development with the performance expected by the CMS GEM readout system that included timing resolution and e ciency. Sharing of data between DAQ and Detector Control System (DCS) is carried out using the Cross DAQ (xDAQ) software. The third project was aimed to develop new DCS for GE1/1 detectors. The cor- rect and safe operation of the GEM system required a sophisticated and powerful online DCS system. The GEM DCS is to monitor the detector conditions and per- formance, control and monitor all subsystems related to GEM and their electronics and store all the information in a dedicated database, called Conditional database. Therefore, the GEM DCS system has to assure the safe and correct operation of the sub-detectors during all CMS life time (more than 10 year), detect abnormal and harmful conditions and take corrective measures and automatic actions to minimize consequential damages. After an extensive research and development work a new DCS system was developed, connected with GEM detector and tested in the GEM assembly and quality assurance labs. The results obtained were saved in the conditional database for future analysis. Major challenges were to integrate di erent parts with each other and to put them in general CMS control system and linking the whole assembly to data acquisition framework. Finally, the entire research and development work led to the successful completion of design, development and testing of Triple GEM Detector''s Electronics and its Control System for CMS forward muon upgrade.
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سِک ماہی دی

سِک ماہی دی
جہلم دے دریا دا ٹھنڈا ٹھنڈا پانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
دلبر ساتھوں دور ہے وسدا
ناز ، ادا تھیں دلڑی کھسدا
رستہ رب رسولؐ دا دسدا
آجا در تے چھیتی جے قسمت ازمانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
دلبر دی میں دید دی پیاسی
دلبر باہجھوں رہے اداسی
کدوں اوہ سوہنا مکھ وکھاسی
ہک دن ماہی اِن شاء اللہ دید کرانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
دلبر یار دا شہر سنگوئی
جس دی جگ وچ ریس ناں کوئی
پیر اصغر دی دیو دھروئی
جس نے اُس دا ورد پکایا اوہو مرد گیانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے

جہلم شہر ہے بڑا رنگیلا
اوگنہاراں دا اے وسیلہ
اوتھے جان دا کر کجھ حیلہ
عیباں والڑیاں دی تے ہو بخشش جانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
ٹلے جوگی ریت بنائی
رانجھا آیا تلک لگائی
چنڑی رنگدیاں دیر نہ لائی
سجناں ریت قلندری ایہا بہت پرانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے
’’ڈھوک رجو‘‘ ہے پنڈ نرالا
جتھے وسدا اللہ والا
میلے دلاں نوں کرے اُجالا
کامل اکمل سوہنا مرشد جس دا فیض روحانی اے
لَے اللہ دا ناں جے کشتی پار لنگھانی اے

اللّغْة في شعر إبراهيم العجلوني

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Some Solutions for Unsteady Flow of Viscous Fluids over an Infinite Plate and in Pipe-Like Domains

The velocity profile and the associated tangential stress corresponding to the oscillatory flow of Maxwell fluid with non-integer order derivative, within double infinite circular cylinders,areobtainedwiththehelpofthemethodsofLaplaceandfiniteHankeltransformations. Moreover, the exact solutions for the rotational flow of Oldroyd-B, Burgers’ and generalized Burgers’ fluids, passing through the single circular cylinder with fractional order rate of change, are derived by using the integral transform methods. At first, we assumed there is no motion (in these different fluids) and afterward the motion is due to the oscillatory movement of the inner cylinder for Maxwell fluid and for the Oldroyd-B fluid the motion is due to the effect of shear stress exerted from boundaries. Similarly, for theBurgers’andgeneralizedBurgers’fluids,therotationalmotioniscreatedthroughfixed axis of rotation of the circular cylinder with an unsteady angular velocity. These solutions are in series form in the terms of the generalized Ga,b,c(.,t)-function. The corresponding obtained solutions can be easily specified to the similar solutions for Burgers’, OldroydB, Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids respectively. Conclusively, the impact of the physical and fractional parameters on the fluid motion and their co-relations are presented by several graphical interpretations. The MHD flow of Burgers’ fluid flowing through porous material pipe under the effect of pressure gradient is also solved by using dimensionlessvariabletechnique. Theeffectofphysicalparametersarealsoshowngraphically. Furthermore, the first order uniform chemical reaction of a viscous incompressible unsteady flow of fluid passing on an oscillatory infinite long vertical plate is studied. The modified temperature and uniform mass diffusivity are taken for the problem of the plate oscillationaboutitsmainaxisoftheposition. TheLaplacetransformationprocess/method is used to obtained the analytical solutions for the non-dimensional governing equations. The variation in the velocity, temperature and concentration is investigated through detailed graphical analysis.