Home > Outcomes of Caudal Block in Children Undergone Lower Umbilical Surgeries at French Medical Institute for Mother and Child Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
Outcomes of Caudal Block in Children Undergone Lower Umbilical Surgeries at French Medical Institute for Mother and Child Health, Kabul, Afghanistan
Background: Pain management is one of the important components of balanced anaesthesia. It can be provided by different methods such as intravenous, intramuscular, orally, topical or regional. Caudal block has grown to become the most popular, safe and easy regional anaesthetic technique to be performed in children undergoing lower umbilical surgeries. Objective: The study was conducted to assess the analgesic effect that is the duration and quality of analgesia provided by a single shot caudal epidural block using bupivacaine 0.25% for intraoperative and postoperative pain relief in children undergoing lower umbilical surgeries in FMIC Hospital, Afghanistan. The objective was to determine the success rate of Caudal Block among children undergone lower umbilical surgeries and received Caudal Block at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan.Methodology: A Retrospective Case Series study was done to achieve the study objectives. The study population was comprised of all the children undergone lower umbilical surgeries and received Caudal Block at French Medical Institute for Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit study subjects. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 was used to run descriptive and inferential statistics. Chi-square test of independence was run to explore the association between independent and dependent variables. Results: The present study revealed that the success rate of caudal block was 94.3%. All successful cases of caudal blocks were regarded as clinically effective. None of the patient had an increase in hemodynamic or respiratory parameters during surgery. Nearly all, 197 (99.5%) had successful caudal block. The participants had normal heart rate or slightly low HR (not more than 5 to 10 % from baseline HR) during anaesthesia and only 1 (0.5%) participant was bradycardia. Our results showed caudal block with single shot injection of 0.25% bupivacaine provided a long lasting analgesia. Caudal bupivacaine provided analgesia had a duration of equal or more than four hours. Majority of patient received pain killer (Nalbluphine) after four hour of caudal block. In our study, most of the patients, 194 (98%) patients had not experienced post anaesthesia side effects, whereas only 4 (2%) patients had post anaesthesia side effects (nausea or vomiting). None of the cases in our study required additional analgesics during operation.Conclusion: Caudal block provided adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for children under going lower umbilical surgeries with a success rate of 94.3%. Duration of analgesia demonstrated was equal to or more than four
ہک واری تاں پھیرا پا درشن اپنا آپ کرا ناں تاں ساڈا سن لیندا اے بھانویں یار ہے بے وفا جیہڑی چنگیر تیری وچ روٹی پڑھ بسم اللہ اوہنوں کھا لگدا اس دی منگنی ہو گئی ٹردی پئی چنی لٹکا ملنا خوشی غمی تے چاہیدا دنیا دا ہے رکھ رکھا جو گدا بوہے تے آوے خیر خوشی نال اوہنوں پا ساری عمر گناہیں گزری ہن تاں در توبہ دے آ
Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Study from Islamic & Western Perspective Living on the earth is all about freedom and as we know that the first man on the earth Adam was sent on the earth with the freedom to worship only to Allah. This freedom is a blessing of Allah and the value of it would only be judged in the era of slavery. It is an ultimate principle in Islam that the total submission is to be Allah alone. Thus, a man would never be a slave of any other person and whenever they become a slave to any other authority they are treated inhumanly. Allah (SW) made this glorious world for human beings and granted them the status of Ashraf ul Makhlūq. Human has such value which can be testified by this reason that everything is tightened to them and the world is only created for them. But human can only be benefited from the world till they are better for them and others, living friendly and create atmosphere of peace. So, till the end they will be benefited and blessed. They will also be in peace and freedom if they take care and have the respect for humanity. As man is a social animal and doesn’t live without his community. Sometimes due to controversy in thinking and other routes fall in conflicts, for which a proper law is administered. The differences in views are not forbidden. It is important, not to cross limits and to create peaceful atmosphere in order to rest humanity in peace and make the world peaceful. This article deals with the comparison of Islamic freedom of expression and the modern Western criterion of freedom of speech. The study concludes that the Islamic and western thought on freedom is different from each other. In this study comparative and critical approach is adopted.
The study of thin liquid film flow is equally critical for engineers, mathematicians and physicists. The engineering revolution core is expended by the impacts of lubrication and microelectronics industry. In general, thin liquid film flow occurs widely in nature and also in various industrial processes namely, thin liquid films are encountered in any lubrication problem (lubricating gears, bearings, metered coating, cold rolling of steel), in microelectronics industry (manufacture of CDs, DVDs, screen, electronic circuit, microelectronics chips and computer disks), in printing technology (drop spreading process), in heat and mass transfer devices (spinning disk reactors and distillation columns) to limit fluxes and to protect surfaces etc. In this research the attention has been given to the analysis of theocratical investigation of magnetohydrodynamics flows over an unsteady stretching sheet. Non-dimensional scaling are used for the governing equations with finite boundary conditions to transform into their dimensionless form. Different physical effects are involved in the respective problems, to observed the effects on the boundary layer flows. Similarly different types of fluid are investigated for the MHD unsteady thin film flow such as Newtonian fluid, non-Newtonian fluids (second grade fluids, Casson fluid and nanofluids). Magnetic field is normal to the direction of flow in all the respective problems. Effects for various physical parameters are investigated in the form of tables and figures. HAM and BVP4C are used for the solutions of the problems.