Home > Factors Associated With Under-Nutrition Among Children under Five at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children Kabul, Afghanistan: A Case Control Study
Factors Associated With Under-Nutrition Among Children under Five at French Medical Institute for Mother and Children Kabul, Afghanistan: A Case Control Study
Introduction: Under nutrition is a major health and nutritional problem in all over the world especially in third world countries. More than 90% of the global burden of under nutrition is attributable to 36 countries of the world, and Afghanistan is one of them. In 2013, about 50% of all stunted children lived in Asia and over one third in Africa. Nutritional problems affect the lowest socioeconomic layer with negative consequences manifested in school-age, learning problem, high level of school dropout, and a low percentage of students enrolling into higher education. This limits development of economic benefits and adult productivity. Determinants of under nutrition may differ based on region, culture, communities and over time. Knowing underlying causes of under nutrition in particular locality is important to take steps for solving these problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to find out the associations between child under nutrition and its different demographic determinants and nutritional practices. Methods and material: To achieve the objective of the study, a case-control study design was applied. The cases were 134 under-nourished (who were according to WHO screening tool, underweight, wasted or stunted) children under the age of 5 years and the controls (n=134) were recruited concurrently from children under 5years (who were not, according to WHO screening tool, underweight, wasted or stunted) coming to FMIC hospital for medical treatment. The study was conducted from July 2016 to September 2016 at FMIC (French Medical Institute for Mother and Children). The statistical analysis was done using SPSS Version 22; Logistic regression was used to identify the association among independent variables and dependent variables. Results: The mean age of the participants were 23.62+12.84 & 19.40+12.3 months for cases and controls respectively. The majority of participants [95(70.9%) cases & 98(73.1%) controls] were from urban area. 88% of cases & 93% of controls participants were born at Hospital. 96(71.6%) & 93(69.4%) of the cases and controls received vaccine according to their age, 36(26%) from cases and 40(29.9%) from controls were partially vaccinated. Children whom EBF to 6 months of life 36(26.9%) were from cases and 86(64%) from controls. CF started before 6month of life 21(15.7%), 9(6.7%) at 6 months 64(47.8%), 101(75.4%) after 6 months 49(36.6%) of cases & controls respectively. Mothers having one child under the age of 5years were 50(37.3%) and 76(56.7%) for cases and controls and the number of mothers having more than one child were 84(62.3%), 58(43.3)
بیزارچھپکلیاں سادہ لو ح پتنگے نگلتی چھپکلیاں جگہ جگہ زہر اگلتی ہوئی سیاہ رات میں بے خبر رینگتی چلی جاتی ہیں خود کو آزاد سمجھ رہی ہیں شب کی سولی پہ لٹکتی یہ بیزار مخلوق اپنے جسموں کی نمائش سے بے پروا مکاری کے نقاب پہنے آنکھوں میں آنچلوں کے رنگ لہراتے ہوئے جنھیں محافظ سمجھ کر بانہوں میں جھول رہی ہیں انھیں خبر نہیں وہ ہوس کے زہریلے سانپ ہیں جو ان کے حسن کا سارا خزانہ ایک ہی سانس میں نگل جائیں گے ان کی سادگی نوچ لیں گے زندگی نوچ لیں گے
Thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder passed down through families in which the body makes hemoglobin in an abnormal form. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia children results in anemia and other medical complications. Objective: To assess dietary behavior of children aged between 3-12 years suffering from thalassemia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the outdoor patient department of thalassemia at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore for 4 months.100 patients were selected through non probability sampling technique. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 21.0. Results: Thalassemia was more prevalent in the age group of 8-12 years. Nutritional deficiencies in thalassemia patients caused anemia as it was evident from results that 74% of thalassemic children had pale skin. As far as dietary intake was concerned only 4% of thalassemia children were consuming meat and meat products.58% of thalassemia children consumed milk on daily basis. Only 8% took green leafy vegetables on daily basis as it contains high amount of iron. Micro nutrient deficiencies as vitamin A, C were common among thalassemia patients as only 30% were consuming fruits on daily basis. Conclusions: Most of the thalassemiacchildren were found to be malnourished due to inadequate dietary intake. The caregivers and parents should be counseled to create awareness
The main objective of the present thesis is to develop mathematical models to discuss the boundary layer flows over a curved moving surface. These mathematical models are formulated in curvilinear coordinates system and then used to investigate the flow and heat/mass transfer characteristics for viscous and micropolar fluids. Additional features like influence of magnetic field, flow through porous media, thermal radiation effects, slip condition, heat generation/absorption, chemical reaction and nanofluids are also studied. The transformed boundary value problems consisting of highly nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically using the shooting and Kellar-box methods. The quantities of interest like fluid velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, heat and mass transfer rate at the wall are analyzed for various emerging parameters. It is found that by increasing the dimensionless radius of curvature, velocity and magnitude of the pressure distribution are decreased inside the boundary layer. Finally, a comparison of the present solutions with the existing results in the case of a flat stretching sheet is also presented.