Home > Outcomes of Turco’S Procedure for Idiopathic Clubfoot Among Children at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children from January 2011 to July 2016
Outcomes of Turco’S Procedure for Idiopathic Clubfoot Among Children at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children from January 2011 to July 2016
Background: Clubfoot known as Congenital Talipes Equino Varus Deformity (CTEV) is one of the most common congenital foot deformities. Affect 1-2/1000 live births worldwide. Males are more affected with Club foot compared to female. Idiopathic clubfeet was considered 80% as isolated birth defects and 20% are syndromic or neurogenic. Objective: 1. To estimate the demographic characteristics of patients with clubfoot at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan from 2011 to July 2016. 2. To determine the outcomes of Turco’s Procedure for idiopathic clubfoot among children from 2011 to July 2016 at Paediatric Orthopaedic Department of FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan.Methodology: A descriptive case series study design is used to determine the outcomes of Turco’s Procedure for idiopathic clubfoot among children at Paediatric Orthopaedic Department of French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children (FMIC), Kabul, Afghanistan during January 2011 to July 2016. Records of 99 participants with 151 feet who had undergone Turco’s procedure were clinically and radiologically assessed and followed for 3 years. Self-developed structured questionnaire was used by applying consecutive sampling technique. Age range of the study participants was from nine months to five years. The descriptive analysis was done, using SPSS Version 22. Mean and standard deviation (SD) were calculated for Quantitative continuous/discrete variables. Frequency and proportions were calculated for categorical variables. T- test for two independent samples and Chi-square test also were run for few variables.Result: Out of 99 participants, 67(67.7%) males and 32(32.3%) females were affected; males were affected twice as often as girls. 52 (52.5%) participants were bilaterally, 26 (26.3%) Right side and 21 (21.2%) were Left side affected. 25 (25.3%) participants had positive family history. Hospital length of stay at hospital was 1.7 days (1 to 7 days). Participant’s feet were assessed clinically and radiologically. The results showed that Turco’s procedure in 79.8% of participants was successful and 20.2% of them had developed some kinds of complications. Family satisfaction rate was 89% found in the study. Conclusion: Clubfoot is one of the most common congenital foot deformities and patients with idiopathic clubfoot can be successfully treated in most of the cases by Turco’s procedure; Outcome of the surgery will be better if patient gets treatment at appropriate age. Overall, an 80% success rate of Turco’s procedure was found in this study
In this era the use of information communication technology in every walk of life is not a lie especially its use in education to facilitate the process of teaching and learning. The objectives of study were to explore the practice of ICT among students at university level, to examine the level of higher order thinking skills among students at university level and to find out the effect of information communication technology on the development of higher order thinking skills among students at university level. The study contains proposed model which was based on ICT tools and HOTs. The researcher used quantitative approach, and its design was correlation which is a type of descriptive research. Population was based on undergraduate university students of social sciences of 3 universities of Islamabad. Convenient sampling technique was used. The sample was based on 10% of entire population. The results were interpreted, and recommendation were suggested. The study results showed average level of higher order thinking skills among university students. Results also showed that mean values were agree about the practice of ICT at university level. It was revealed that there was a significant effect of ICT on the development of HOTS at university level. It is recommended that through training, practice and classroom activities the students may be able to find the required information, to analyze it and to build HOTS. Universities may recruit highly skilled technical personnel in the ICT units of their institutions and create a consciousness in them to develop innovative ideas for better training of student’s higher order thinking skill.
Exogenous shocks have been studied in organization studies literature to investigate specific events that trigger sensemaking in organizations. The focus of majority of this research is how these triggers create discontinuity in the organizational routines and how actors make sense of these events to restore order. However, this narrow focus ignores the impact of multiple intensities of exogenous shocks that trigger sensemaking across different levels in an organization and the key role of enactment in organizational transformation and changes in internal organizational control. To address these theoretical gaps, this dissertation focuses on a large public-sector organization – Punjab Irrigation Department (PID), Pakistan – to empirically investigate the impact of multiple exogenous shocks of different magnitudes that triggered a process of sensemaking resulting in the organizational transformation with changes in internal organizational control. More specifically, this dissertation explores research questions related to distributed sensemaking across different hierarchical levels, enactment of sensemaking of various groups of actors, systematic differences in sensemaking across these groups of actors and the power asymmetries within these groups through an interpretive research methodology. The research design consisted of three cases of exogenous shocks that were witnessed by the PID in the last two decades. For the first case, i.e. the 2010 flood, I conducted a pilot study for six months of the flood affected districts in the province of Punjab. It was supplemented by in depth interviews with officials from PID during the main study. The second case consisted of institutional reforms in PID for which I conducted a longitudinal study to understand how reforms have evolved over a period of last twenty years. The last case consisted of inclusion of external stakeholders in the maintenance and repair works in iii PID. I conducted interviews with PID staff and the external stakeholders to understand their role in the organizational transformation. I coded all the data of interviews in MAXQDA to conduct qualitative thematic content analysis. I then analyzed the main themes from the data using multiple theoretical perspectives to develop my findings. My analysis shows the enactment of sensemaking of these exogenous shocks varied across different hierarchical levels in the PID. Actors at different hierarchical levels used the ambiguity and uncertainty of the situations to enhance their sphere of control in the organization. The role of identity and systemic powers by virtue of their designation played a key role in the strategic action they engaged in to enact changes in the organizational routines. In doing so, this dissertation contributes to the institutional change/transformation research in the field of organization studies by providing in-depth context-specific analysis of enacted sensemaking in a large public-sector organization. Moreover, this research also adds valuable insights about how power asymmetries in organizations impact the process of institutional maintenance and change.