Home > Evaluation of Pyeloplasty Among Children With Pelvouretric Junction Stenosis at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
Evaluation of Pyeloplasty Among Children With Pelvouretric Junction Stenosis at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan
Introduction: PUJO is one the most common pathology in paediatric urology. It is the most common cause of Hydronephrosis that may progress to irreversible damage to the kidney if not resolved. Aim: The study is to evaluate outcome of pyeloplasty and find out the association of demographic characteristics and clinical factor on outcome of pyeloplasty among children at FMIC, Kabul, Afghanistan. Methodology: A hospital based retrospective Case Series study design was conducted at French Medical Institute for Mothers and Children, Kabul, Afghanistan. Records of 150 participants who were admitted at surgery department under diagnosis of UPJO reviewed from first January, 2010 till last December 2015, among them 110 patients based on inclusion and exclusion criteria enrolled in the study. Chi square, one way ANOVA and paired t- test were run to determine the association of factors with outcome of Pyeloplasty. Results: Our study findings have identified that among 110 patients, 90 (88.1%) were males. Most of patients had problem on left side 79 (71.8%), right kidney in 23 (20.9%) and bilateral involvement in 8 (7.3%), all except one who diagnosed prenatally were diagnosed in postnatal period. The diagnostic tools used in this study were US and IVU. The most common complaints reported were flank pain 45.5%. Around 9 (8%) of patients had associated anomaly; most common obstructive cause were narrow ureter 86 (78.1%). Urinary tract infection was identified in 13 (11.8) patients. Hydronephrosis grading was according SFU grading system as Grade 1 (1) grade 2 (13) Grade 3 (58) and grade 4 (44) patients. Out of 110 patients, 90 had undergone Pyeloplasty procedure, while 20 patients with complete destroyed kidney had undergone nephrectomy. Patients were divided into two groups (< 2 years and > 2 years) according to their age. The follow up modality were US parameters (anteroposterior diameter of pelvis and percentage of improvement in pelvis diameter. PI more than 15 was considered as successful outcome. The overall success rate of Pyeloplasty procedure was 82%. This study revealed the factors that affect the outcome of Pyeloplasty included: degree of hydronephrosis before operation and presence or absence of UTI. Conclusion: UPJO is one of the most common pathology in paediatric urology; in chronic case, it may progress to irreversible damage of kidneys, Aarly operation causes better outcome, as this study finds out, it improves the renal function, which approved this finding by improved in creatinine clearance level. Perusing international literature
مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر بہار میں نئی تعلیم بنگال کے قرب بلکہ ملحقہ صوبہ ہونے کی وجہ سے بہت پہلے پھیلی، وہاں کے مسلمان شرفا کے جو نونہال ان میں سب سے زیادہ پھلے پھولے ان میں سید علی امام، حسن امام اور مظہرالحق وغیرہ کے نام ان کے بعض سیاسی اور قومی کارناموں کی وجہ سے بہت نمایاں ہیں، انہی کے معاصرین میں ایک نام مسٹر نصیر بیرسٹر کا ہے، پٹنہ کے قریب شرفا کا ایک مشہور قصبہ نگرنہسہ ہے، وہ وہیں کے انصاری خاندان کے چشم و چراغ تھے، خاندان میں عربی و فارسی علوم کا چرچا تھا، ان کے دادا، شاہ عبدالعزیز دہلویؒ یا حضرت شاہ عبدالغنی صاحب مجددی کے شاگرد تھے اور ان نفوس قدسیہ کے برکات کا خاصہ اثر اس مغربی تعلیم یافتہ کے ذہن و خیال پر تھا، افسوس کہ ستمبر ۱۹۴۲ء کے آخر میں اس دور کی یہ یادگار شخصیت بھی مٹ گئی۔ ۱۸۹۸ء میں جب خاکسار پہلی دفعہ دیہات سے نکل کر شہر (پٹنہ) میں آیا تو سب سے پہلے انہی کی کوٹھی پر جو مرادپور کی سڑک کے شمالی رخ پر تھی اس تعلق سے قیام ہوا تھا کہ میرے چھوٹے چچا مرحوم اس زمانہ میں انہی کے ساتھ رہتے تھے، عمر میں پہلا اتفاق تھا، اس لئے ان کی ہر چیز مجھے عجیب معلوم ہوتی تھی،بہت گویا، بہت ہنس مکھ، ہر وقت خوش و بشاش، شعر و سخن کے دلدادہ، علمی صحبتوں کے شائق، بزرگوں کا ادب، دین کا پاس اور مذہب کا جوش، کوٹ پتلون اور ہیٹ کے اس پتلے میں عجیب رنگین کیفیت پیدا کردیتا تھا۔ ۱۹۰۰ء میں ندوۃ العلماء کا ساتواں سالانہ جلسہ پٹنہ عظیم آباد میں تھا، جو قدیم تعلیم کے ساتھ جدید تعلیم کا بھی مرکز تھا، اجلاس میں علماء کرام اور مشائخ عظام کے پہلو بہ پہلو جسٹس مولوی سید شرف الدین...
We, the Muslims claim that Quran is a miraculous book. Right from the
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Different aspects of Quranic miracles exposed in different periods. This
research article will help those researchers who want to understand the miracles of
the Holy Quran with special reference to Embryology.
This thesis investigates the role of Credit Rating Agencies (CRAs) in European financial markets. Traditional activities of CRAs include information supply, certification, and monitoring services for corporations and rating sovereign debt. Any change in the opinion of CRAs on the sovereign debt has strong implications on the financial markets and the real economy. This thesis contributes to literature by investigating: (i) the effect of sovereign rating and outlook changes on the shape of the sovereign yield curve; (ii) the impact of sovereign rating and outlook changes on stock markets at different levels of business cycle; (iii) the effect of financial liberalization on the growth in sovereign ratings; and (iv) the impact of sovereign rating and outlook instability on the access to credit by firms.In order to properly investigate these research questions, we employ a variety of pertinent statistical and econometric tools as required in every chapter. These techniques include but are not limited to state space modelling, vector autoregressions, maximum likelihood estimations, Kalman filter approach, generalized method of moments, and limited dependent variable methods. Findings of this thesis reveal, inter alia, that sovereign rating and outlook announcements play an important “confirmation role” in the financial markets; however, the extent of the effect depends on the announcement type, CRA specificity, kind of market and country characteristics. Specifically, the second chapter shows a significant effect of rating downgrades and an insignificant effect of rating upgrades on the sovereign yield curve; however, we observe mixed results for the effect of changes in outlook status of a sovereign country. The third chapter identifies that stock markets react more negatively to rating downgrades in recovery phases and more positively to rating upgrades in the contractionary period. However, we do not find any evidence of a pro-cyclical effect of sovereign rating and outlook change on stock returns. The fourth chapter indicates a positive impact of financial liberalization on sovereign ratings, and we show that we cannot reject the hypothesis that financial stability is iv independent of financial liberalization. Moreover, we show in this chapter that sovereign ratings tend to be stable and persistent, otherwise. The fifth chapter suggests a significant negative effect of sovereign rating and outlook instability on the access to credit by firms. The last chapter concludes the thesis with implications of these findings for understanding the role of rating agencies in financial markets, policymaking, designing regulations and for investors and firm owners, both in developing and developed economies