This thesis set out to study the coverage of the Kenyan government’s Big Four Agenda by Kenyan newspapers between December 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018. The Big Four Agenda was introduced to Kenyans on December 12, 2017, Independence Day, by President Uhuru Kenyatta. He framed the Big Four Agenda as the most important policy of his second term and had specific objectives to be met by 2022: to construct 500,000 affordable houses, to increase the contribution of manufacturing to the Gross Domestic Product, food security for all, and Universal Health Coverage. This thesis was provoked by a study by Infotrak Research, published by The Star on December 18, 2018, which established that 53 per cent of Kenyans did not know about the Big Four Agenda. This lack of awareness was considered worthy of research considering the central role of the media in informing society about the government’s policies. The media also provides spaces for interrogating the policy, and this has been the case with the Kenyan media. Newspaper coverage was selected for research because newspapers are ubiquitous in Kenya and also play an intermedia agenda-setting role. The research set out to establish the frequency of newspaper coverage, the dominant sources, the placement of articles on the Big Four Agenda, the dominant issues as well as the factors that influenced coverage. A mixed method was used to approach the research and content analysis used as the research method. Data was generated using document review of the Daily Nation and The Standard and interviews with journalists from the two newspapers. The research established that while journalists were eager to provide coverage of the Big Four Agenda, there was inadequate comprehensive information on the policy, government officials often avoided going into details on it, and the topics were considered complicated and therefore were denied publication in the prime pages. The thesis therefore concluded that the media was enthusiastic to cover the Big Four Agenda but was frustrated by a lack of information. All these factors resulted in a majority of Kenyans lacking awareness about the government’s key objectives. The thesis recommended that media houses develop policies and templates for reporting on development policies, that the government develop communication plans for disseminating information about its development policies. This study should benefit the media in Kenya as well as the government and policymakers.
ڈاکٹر اسحق مرحوم کچھ لوگ ایسے ہوتے ہیں، جو نام و نمود کے لیے سرگرداں رہتے ہیں، لیکن یہ ان سے گریزاں رہتی ہے، کچھ لوگ ایسے بھی ہوتے ہیں جو اس کے خواہاں تو نہیں ہوتے لیکن یہ ان کے پیچھے لگی رہتی ہے اور وہ نہ صرف اپنے معاصروں اورہم چشموں میں عزت کی نگاہ سے دیکھے جاتے ہیں بلکہ اپنی وفات کے بعد بھی محبت سے یاد کیے جاتے ہیں، ڈاکٹر محمد اسحق (جن کو مرحوم لکھتے وقت دلی رنج ہوتا ہے) ایسے ہی لوگوں میں تھے۔ وہ ۱۲؍ ستمبر ۱۹۶۹ء کو کلکتہ میں حرکت قلب کے بند ہوجانے سے اﷲ کو پیارے ہوئے، ان کا کوئی سوانح نگار ان کے سوانح حیات لکھنے بیٹھے تو ان کی روداد زندگی کو طویل اور ضخیم تو نہیں بناسکتا لیکن ان کے کارنامے کچھ ایسے ہیں جن کو قلمبند کرنے میں ان کی روداد حیات اگر طویل نہیں ہوسکتی ہے تو دلنشین ضرور ہوجائے گی۔ وہ کلکتہ میں ۱۸۹۸ء میں پیدا ہوئے، وہاں کے مدرسہ عالیہ اور ہیر اسکول میں تعلیم پائی، پھر اسکاٹش چرچ کالج سے ۱۹۲۱ء میں بی ایس سی کیا، سائنس کی تعلیم پانے کے بعد ایم، اے میں عربی لے لی، ۱۹۲۳ء میں کلکتہ یونیورسٹی سے اس مضمون میں فرسٹ کلاس پایا، ۱۹۲۴ء میں ڈھاکہ یونیورسٹی میں عربی اور اسلامیات کے لکچرار مقرر ہوئے، ۱۹۲۶ء میں کلکتہ اسلامیہ کالج میں عربی و فارسی دونوں مضامین کے لکچرار ہوکر اپنے مولد واپس آگئے، ۱۹۲۷ء میں کلکتہ یونیورسٹی کے لکچرار ہوگئے، جہاں ۳۳ سال کی خدمت کے بعد اسی یونیورسٹی سے عربی اور فارسی کے ریڈر اور صدر کی حیثیت سے ریٹائر ہوئے۔ ان کے علمی ذوق کے تنوع کا اندازہ اس سے ہوگا کہ سائنس کی تعلیم پانے کے باوجود عربی اور فارسی کا ذوق بہت اچھا رکھتے تھے، عربی میں ایم،اے کی...
Emergence of biomedical research and innovation with an unprecedented speed has created number of opportunities and challenges for policy makers. On the one hand, it is now possible to introduce tailor-made personal medication regime for an ailing patient to offer state of the art treatments. On the other hand, several ethical and legal issues have been raised due to the complex nature of emerging technologies. Policy makers all over the world are constantly addressing these challenges by continuously upgrading their respective professional and regulatory frameworks. This article is an attempt to highlight Shariah maxims which have contemporary application in medical field. Lately, there has been a lot of interest in the debate of Shariah maxims and many scholars have used maxims-based analytical frameworks to show the dynamic application of Islamic law. This article builds upon those works by focusing on issues related to the medical field.
Structuralism and The Contemporary Paradigm of Teaching Literature in Pakistan Four tensions define the researcher's approach to the problem of teaching English literature in Pakistan. These are generated by the differences between the society that has produced this literature on one side and the society that is trying to make some use out of it on the other, together with the general displacement of literature as the touchstone of social wisdom by science. The researcher has tested some of the old assumptions about literature, the reasons traditionally adduced for teaching it and the supposed benefits of doing so. Possibilities for rationalizing the objectives, processes and methods of teaching it in Pakistan are also explored, and the researcher has offered some recommendations at the end of the thesis.