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A Comparative Study of a Male and a Female School Leader

Thesis Info

Author

Parveen, Mahi

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2007

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727871492

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In the Pakistani society, leadership is considered as a male attribute, as it is associated with the masculine traits such as authority and control. This assumption not only affects women's entry into leadership positions, but it also affects men who opt for this position, as they are expected to behave in a way that is considered masculine. However, current leadership theories demand leaders to be more collaborative and caring and possess people-oriented traits that are commonly associated with women. Literature on leadership in Pakistan are silent about whether male and female school leaders lead their schools in similar or different ways. This study sought to explore the similarities and differences in leadership styles of a male and a female head teacher. The study employed a case study approach. Information was gathered through individual interviews, focus group interviews, document analysis and observations. One male head teacher and one female head teacher from private secondary schools in Karachi were the primary participants of the study. Four teachers and four students from each school were interviewed to find out their views about their head teachers, data were triangulated from gathering their head teachers' views and from other sources like document analysis and observation. The findings of the study suggest that the male head teacher and the female head teacher exhibit similar styles of leadership. They execute a combination of leadership styles according to the demand of the situation and these range from transactional to transformational styles of leadership. The data evidenced that both the head teachers emphasized on teaching and learning process in their schools. They have developed a learning environment not only for the students but also for the teachers. They have delegated power and authority to the staff and the students. The findings also suggest that leaders are not born but they are developed, as various factors are involved in enhancing their leadership skills and knowledge: training programs, availability of role models, socialization and experiences of being led by others. The study makes several recommendations: i) the need to re-culture the stereotyping associated with the notion of leadership and leadership positions and ii) providing head teachers with an opportunity to access training programs to develop their skills as leaders.
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تمنا ئے دیدارِ مرشد

تمنا ئے دیدار مرشد
تیرے شہر میں ہم بھی آئیں گے
قسمت نے دیا ساتھ تو دیدار بھی پائیں گے

تیرے شہر کی بہاریں بہت یاد آتی ہیں
تیری مخمور نگاہیں دل پہ تیر چلاتی ہیں
تیری ادائیں مجھ کو بہت ہی بھاتی ہیں
تیرے شہر میں ہم بھی نشیمن بنائیں گے

ہم ترس رہے ہیں تیرے دیدار کے لیے
ہم مارے مارے پھر رہے ہیں تیرے پیار کے لیے
ہم تڑپ رہے ہیں تیری محفل کے انوار کے لیے
کبھی تو تیری محفل میں دل کی پیاس بجھائیں گے

ہمارے شہر میں پیاء جب تشریف لائیں گے
غم زدہ لوگ غم کی داستان سنائیں گے
نگاہِ لطف و کرم جب وہ ہم پہ فرمائیں گے
ہمارے دل بھی خوشی سے جھوم جائیں گے

محبوب سے ہم بیٹھے ہیں بہت دور
مگر دل ملنے کو ہوا ہے مجبور
قسمت میں لکھا ہے تو ملیں گے ضرور
ان کو ملنے کے لیے ہم ان کے کوچہ میں جائیں گے

چاولہ سائیں ان کی ملاقات ہوہی جائے گی
حوصلہ رکھ نہ گھبرا رحمت کی برسات ہوہی جائے گی
سب مہربانوں سے مہربان رب کی ذات ہوہی جائے گی
اک دن وصل شراب محبوب ہمیں بھی پلائیں گے

دور الفرد في مكافحة الجريمة الجنائية في الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون الوضعي

There is a great importance and significance of the role of an individual to prevent his body and property from an aggression. Islamic law and conventional law has authorized an individual to repel any kind of aggression upon his body and property and has not forced him to stand hands bound towards the aggressor. This role of an individual will help to decrease the ratio of crimes in society. It has been strived in this paper to provide proof of its legalization from Quran, Sunnah and also from conventional law. It has also been tried to discuss the main portions and relevant issues relating to the said topic such as; aggression, offence, defence during the continuance of aggression or offence and retreat during the aggression in Shariah and Common Law.

Synthesis and Exploration of Nano Gas Sensors Based on Metal Oxide Thin Films

This Doctoral thesis mainly focus on the understanding of Aerosol Assisted chemical Vapor Deposition (AACVD) technique and effect of various process parameters on structure, morphologies and optical behavior of metal oxide thin films. Main focus was on gas sensing behavior. Binary and ternary metal oxide thin films of metal oxides have been synthesized and investigated for gas sensing application. AACVD method was used for single step deposition of sensing films onto alumina gas sensor substrate, demonstrating the compatibility between the fabrication process and the sensing nanostructured layer deposition. The fabricated devices were based on pure and Pd-doped WO3 nanorods and nanoneedles, as well as ZnO, SnO2 and ZnSnO3 nanostructure.Various characterization techniques, including XRD, FESEM, EDX, RBS, and UV-Vis Spectroscopy were employed to extract the information about their structural, morphological and optical properties. This information helped to understand the characteristics and their effect on gas sensing properties of deposited nanostructured thin films. Gas sensing characterizations of deposited sensors have been carried out using H2, H2S, CO and ethanol vapors at operating temperature between 200oC500oC. Effect of doping on gas sensing behavior as well as comparison between sensor response of binary and ternary metal oxide have been investigated.This study can be further extended to systematically investigate the effect of various deposition parameters as well as different concentrations of dopant on gas sensor performance of metal oxide based gas sensors.