نبی کریم ﷺ کے تعدد ازواج کے سماجی اثرات

The seerah of the Holy Prophet (SAW) is a diversified combination of various traits. Among hundreds of the aspects of seerah if analysed various such dimensions appear before us in accordance with the educational and cultural evolution and criticality of time. One of these many is the sociological aspect of the holy seerah of the Prophet (SAW). According to the teachings of the Holy Prophet SAW Islam n Society are quite compatible to each other where marital element holds foremost importance in social circles. There is complete guidance about it in the seerah. The Prophet of Islam himself provided practical model of polygamy which was subjected to severe censure by the non-believers on account of their prejudice, ignorance and dishonesty and which the research scholars of seerah responded to n refuted on logical, convincing and solid grounds. The objective of this thesis is to highlight various positive effects of the polygamy of the Prophet SAW on society and its value in eradicating a number of social evils. Among manifold positive effects of this practice of polygamy include such benefits as the well-being and social elevation of widows, the eradication of the frequent custom of adoption, the extinction of social distinction and discrimination, the removal of tribal n social enmities, the following of the Prophet's model of women's education, the recognition of social work and social workers, and the upbringing of orphans.

Evaluation of Potential Biotic Stress Resistance Genes Form Gossypium Arboreum

Cotton is the most important fibre crop of the world. Pakistan is the fourth major contributor in cotton production. In our country a viral disease caused by cotton leaf curl virus (CLCuV) is the most important factor limiting cotton production of widely cultivated Gossypium hirsutum varieties since the induction of the disease in this region. Gossypium arboreum is the cotton species that is resistant to this disease. Cotton scientists are working to find the key genes in G. arboreum that confer resistance against cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The present study is also an effort to find some potential biotic stress resistance genes from G. arboreum and the evaluation of some genes against CLCuV infection. Different approaches were employed to identify some potential biotic stress resistance genes from G. arboreum. These approaches include screening of G. arboreum leaf cDNA library, finding homologs of resistance genes in the ESTs database of G. arboreum and their screening in G. arboreum and CLCuV symtomatic and asymtomatic plants of G. hirsutum genotypes, cloning of resistance genes from G. arboreum and G. hirsutum using degenerate primers approach and isolation of full length putative biotic stress resistance genes from G. arboreum in RT-PCR. The identified full length genes were coding full length allene oxide synthase, hydroperoxide lyase and calreticulin proteins that were cloned in plant expression vector and were transformed in Nicotiana tabacum through Agrobacterium mediated transformation. The T1 generation of transgenic plants was inoculated with cotton leaf curl multan virus (CLCuMuV) through leaf infiltration. The virus presence and titre in inoculated plants was determined through conventional and realtime PCR respectively. No significant difference in virus titer was detected in all transgenic plants with respect to control plants. It is inferred that resistance against CLCuV might not be due to single gene. Multiple genes might be involved in conferring resistance against this disease. The various approaches adopted in this study to identify possible resistance genes against CLCuV infection resulted in identification and isolation of a set of genes. Theses genes are a valuable source to study their interaction against various coton pathogens and can be utilized to improve resistance level of susceptible G. hirsutum and other plant species.