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Autobiographies of Two Female Educational Leaders: A Case from Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Farzana, Gul

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2010

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727884661

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The educational leadership has been studied extensively over a period of time both empirically and theoretically. The growing number of literature advocates the practices of educational leadership in different contexts and it is much explored area through qualitative case studies method, but the practices of female leadership through self-study within the qualitative paradigm is relatively less explored. Therefore, this study explores the professional practices of two Female Assistant District Educational Officers in Pakistani context through auto/biographical approach within self-study method by conducting semi-structure interviews and document analysis. The primary research participants are researcher herself from the rural area of NWFP and another female from education department of Sindh based on purposive sampling. The purpose of the study is to explore how female educational leaders develop their leadership practices despite the context specific challenges. It also aims to share the leadership practices of the female educational leaders with educational community in order to highlight the true voices and experiences in terms of challenges and possibilities faced by them. The study informs the policy makers to look at the matter of professional development of administrative staff, for addressing the contextual issues, which leads towards the effectiveness of the organization. It may be a guiding principle for educational leaders to critically reflect and examine their leadership practices irrespective of gender. The study recommends the leadership component in school curriculum in order to explore their leadership potentials. It also recommends the parental education as a part of school development plans in order to aware the parents regarding their children's leadership qualities. The study reports that the leadership practices can be developed through contextualizing the formal roles into action. Female educational leaders have little support from the socio-cultural context, but family and their individual efforts playa vital role for the development of their leadership practices. Leaders can develop their leadership practices through continuous professional development and planning in the organization. The study also challenges the beliefs and stereotype assumptions towards female educational leadership. The study reveals that mostly leadership remains contextual and depends on the personal abilities and practices of leaders, no matter the leader is male or female.
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ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین

ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین
افسوس ہے ڈاکٹر ذاکر حسین بھی ہم سے جدا ہوگئے۔وہ ہماری قومی تعلیم کے معمارِ اوّلین، اس ملک میں سیکولرزم کی آبرو اورجمہوریت کاوقار تھے۔ان کی وفات سے ہماری قومی زندگی میں جوخلا پیدا ہواہے اس کی تلافی عرصے تک نہ ہو سکے گی۔کم وبیش بہتّر(۷۲) سال کی عمر پائی۔ ۳؍مئی کی صبح کواچھے خاصے تندرست اُٹھے۔حسبِ معمول فجر کی نماز اداکی، اس سے فارغ ہوکر کچھ مطالعہ کیا، اخبارات پڑھے، پھر ہلکا پھلکا ناشتہ کیا۔یہ سب کرتے کراتے گیارہ بجے کاعمل ہوچکا تھا اوروہ روزانہ معمول کے مطابق طبّی امتحان کے لیے تیار ہورہے تھے کہ اچانک دل کا دورہ پڑا ۔ایک سے ایک قابل ڈاکٹر موجود تھے ہی فوراً اپنی جیسی ساری تدبیریں کرڈالیں لیکن وقتِ مدعو آپہنچا تھا۔اس کے سامنے کچھ پیش نہ چلی اور روح قفسِ عنصری سے پرواز کرگئی۔انا ﷲ واناالیہ راجعون۔
مرحوم کی قومی زندگی کے دو دَورہیں،ایک جامعہ کے ساتھ وابستگی سے لے کرتقسیم تک، اور دوسرا اس کے بعد سے وفات تک۔پہلے دورمیں جوایک ربع صدی پر پھیلا ہواہے مرحوم کاکردار ایک ہیرو،نہایت حوصلہ مند جرنیل اورعظیم الشان رہنما کاکردار رہاہے۔انھوں نے جرمنی سے معاشیات میں ڈاکٹریٹ کی ڈگری لی تھی۔اس کے علاوہ تعلیم بھی ان کاخاص مضمون رہاتھا۔انگریزی اوراُردو دونوں زبانوں میں تقریر وتحریر کاملکہ اورسلیقہ خداداد تھا۔ غرض کہ علمی اور فنی حیثیت سے ان کے پاس وہ سب کچھ تھا جس کے باعث وہ شہرت ، عشرت اورراحت کی زندگی بڑی آسانی سے بسر کرسکتے تھے، لیکن انھوں نے محنت ومشقت اورعسرت کی زندگی اختیار کی۔ابھی جرمنی میں تھے کہ انھیں معلوم ہواکہ مولانا محمدعلی مرحوم وغیرہ نے جوجامعہ ۱۹۲۰ء میں قائم کی تھی۔وہ مالی پریشانیوں کی صیدزبوں ہے اور اس کو بند کردینے کے منصوبے ہورہے ہیں۔ڈاکٹر صاحب اپنی تعلیم ختم کرچکے تھے، انھیں اس کا علم ہوا توفوراً کہلا بھیجا...

Connecting Theory and Practice: Bridging Academic Feminism and Activism in Pakistan

Feminism is named as the demand for equality between men and women; however, it is not easily acceptable for the so-called super-gender called men, in any patriarchal society. It is not only a phenomenon but also a chapter of life that varies day by day, though is accepted by many communities, but difficult to adopt or accept in a patriarchal society as in Pakistan. There are many factors behind acceptance or rejection, which is debatable. Either the economy, politics, society, religion, or education is the aspect to enrol it in life. This article is the demonstration of factors, which is responsible for bridging the gap between academic feminism: which is being read to the generation, excluding the reality of the physique of gender, and the activism in feminism, which is being practised with social norms. This debate would be qualitative in nature. Though it concluded that Feminism in the society of Pakistan is not digestible for men members, however, the accelerator for equality or, even equity is slow but consistent and some of the changes are happening gradually.

Isolation, Identification and Potential Assessment of Indigenous Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus for Control of Spodoptera Spp. on Cotton

Microbial based insecticides have great potential for management of various agricultural insect pests. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of indigenous nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) for the management of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) on cotton. A field survey was conducted for collection of NPV infected larvae of S. litura with specific symptoms of polyhedrosis and soil samples were collected to observe the presence of NPV in the soil from four districts Faisalabad, Multan, Vehari and Bahawalpur. From 80 soil samples six samples were positive to S. litura NPV as those soil samples showed infection in S. litura larvae when mixed with artificial diet. Out of 38 collected NPV infected isolates (larvae) the best isolate (VHR4) showed maximum mortality in S. litura larvae in two screening experiments. The selected isolate was given the name V-SpltNPV and was multiplied for further experimentation. The V-SpltNPV identified by Giemsa stain under an inverted microscope. Concentrations of V-SpltNPV were prepared by dilution with distilled water and counted by hemocytometer under an inverted microscope. Efficacy of native isolate V-SpltNPV was compared with Indian commercial viral biopesticide SomstarTM- SL against 2nd, 3rd and 4th instar larvae of S. litura in laboratory. The cotton plant population were maintained in green house and used in bioassay studies. Cotton leaf discs were contaminated with various concentrations (1×108, 1×107, 1×106, 1×105 and 1×104 OBs/ml) of V-SpltNPV and SomstarTM- SL and offered to S. litura larvae. At highest concentration (1×108 OBs/ml) V-SpltNPV caused 88.08% mean mortality while SomstarTM- SL caused 61.12% of 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. LC50 and LC90 values of tested concentrations were increased with increase in larval age. The 2nd instar larvae were most susceptible than 3rd and 4th instar against all tested concentrations. In greenhouse experiment, the larval mortality was reduced to 52.63% and 37.89% for local isolate V-SpltNPV and SomstarTM- SL at highest concentration (1×108 OBs/ml) respectively on potted cotton plants. Similarly, the combination of viral formulations with spinosad showed higher mortality of S. litura larvae than alone application of tested concentrations. A combined application of spinosad with V-SpltNPV (1×108 OBs/ml) caused 100% mean mortality while combination of spinosad with SomstarTM- SL (1×108 OBs/ml) caused 78.94% mean mortality of 2nd instar larvae. All combinations used in experiment showed additive interaction. The heat stress reduced more than 50% efficacy of NPV isolates. Increase in heat stress decreased the activity of viruses in terms of larval mortality. However, combined application of V-SpltNPV with spinosad (after heat stress at 45°C) showed 75.87 % mean mortality of 2nd instar larvae of S. litura. Conclusively, local isolate V-SpltNPV proved best for the management of S. litura population alone and in combination with spinosad even after heat stress. The V-SpltNPV can be used in integrated manner with other integrated pest management tactics to significantly reduce the use the toxic chemical pesticides