The last twenty years have seen a discernible shift in the teaching of English Language. Reading and Writing are no longer to be the sole focus of primary teachers. Speaking and Listening, for a long time neglected aspects, are to be given equal importance with the traditional first two aspects of literacy. Recent research has indicated the importance of talk in the learning process. Oral language, both talking and listening, is a lifetime activity; it enhances pupils' understanding of language in both oral and written forms and of the way language can be used to communicate. Despite all the emphasis on talk in the learning process, it has been found that insufficient student talk is being carried out in schools. The situation is all the more alarming in the Pakistani context. Teachers lack this understanding. They feel that talk obstructs learning and actively discourage children from initiating any kind of talk in the classroom. Such classroom environment encourages a depressing passivity and isolation among learners and is detrimental for their academic and social growth. This study set out to address one teaching strategy enquiring how effective it is on creating a conducive environment to promote student talk, and the implications of this strategy 'cooperative group work' on classroom practice. The study was carried out following the model of action research which involved implementing a series of activities in the classroom under study. The activities were monitored closely using multiple sources such as audio recording, observation techniques, reflective journals and students' work, The data was analyzed, keeping in view the qualitative research tradition. The study found that 'cooperative group work' is an effective strategy in creating a conducive environment for promoting student talk. Such a supportive non-threatening environment increases student learning outcomes, which further brings about the desired change in the teacher's perception about the role of talk in the learning process.
مولوی اقبال احمد خان سہیل ابھی یہ سطریں زیر تحریر تھیں کہ اعظم گڈھ کی نامور اور صاحبِ کمال شخصیت مولوی، اقبال احمد خان صاحب سہیل نے وفات پائی، وہ علامہ شبلی مرحومؒ کے خاص تلامذہ میں تھے، اپنے زمانہ میں نامور علیگ، عربی، فارسی اور اردو تینوں زبانوں کے ماہر تھے، قوتِ حافظہ اور ذہانت و ذکاوت میں بے مثال، اردو کے نکتہ سنج ادیب اور اردو و فارسی کے قادر الکلام شاعر تھے، قصید گوئی اور نعت و منقبت نگاری میں اس زمانہ میں ان کا جواب نہ تھا، ان کا فارسی کلام ایران کے قدیم اساتذہ کے کلام کی ہمسری کرتا تھا، علمی قابلیت کے لحاظ سے غیر معمولی صلاحیتوں کے مالک تھے، مگر وکالت کے پیشہ نے ان کے جوہروں کو چمکنے نہ دیا، اگر وہ کسی علمی شعبہ میں ہوتے تو ہندوستان کے مشاہیر اہل علم میں ان کا شمار ہوتا، دارالمصنفین سے ان کے تعلقات بڑے گوناگوں اور گہرے تھے۔ اﷲ تعالیٰ اس مداح رسول اور منقبت نگار صحابہ کو آخرت کے انعام سے سرفراز فرمائے۔ (شاہ معین الدین ندوی، نومبر ۱۹۵۵ء)
The Oneness of Allah is the most important belief in the Islamic faith. Allah SWT is one in His Self, His attributes, and His acts. His self is neither composite nor divisible in any way. The effort to understand how the unity and uniqueness of God is compatible with the diversity of His attributes produced many explanations and doctrines throughout the Islamic History. The most famous doctrine is the Asha’riah position, that the attributes neither identical to the self of Allah nor different from it. The Mutazilah deny the divine qualities in order to maintain the unity of God. This article attempts to explain the position taken on this question by Muhyiddin Ibn Arabi – one of the most famous Sufi scholars. He tried to resolve the problem in his own way, based on his conception of “nisab”.
The aim of this research is to expand the base of knowledge and empirically find the relationship between coaching leadership style and follower?s job performance with organizational culture as a moderator. There are two objectives of the study. First is to determine the impact of a leader?s coaching leadership style on the follower?s job performance. Second is to determine the moderating role of organizational culture in the relationship between coaching leadership style and follower?s job performance. The study is positivistic, explanatory and quantitative in nature and conducted on the pharmaceutical sales force. Results shows that coaching leadership has a positive relationship with task performance and contextual performance. Coaching leadership has a negative impact on counterproductive work behavior. The relationship with the contextual performance was higher than task performance and counterproductive work behavior. Organizational culture moderated the relationship between coaching leadership with task performance and counterproductive work behavior. This study highlighted that coaching leadership has a significant relationship with contextual performance and organizational culture did not moderate this relationship. The study provides the extensive view about the relationship of coaching leadership with job performance and the moderating role played by organizational culture.