This qualitative research reports on the process and findings of an exploratory study conducted in the rural context of Pakistan that aimed to explore the technology (ICT) leadership practices of a private higher secondary school principal to describe how the principal enacts leadership strategies for promoting technology (ICT) use in the school. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews, observations and available documents. The study found that the principal’s role as a technology (ICT) leader who possesses a positive attitude towards technology (ICT) is very crucial for promoting its use in the school. The principal as a technology (ICT) leader adopts various strategies like provision of resources, equal access to all, technical support and backup, opportunities for professional development in technology (ICT) for staff, to promote the use of technology in the school. The principal holds a vision for technology (ICT) use which works as a driving force for the use of ICT in the school. In order to achieve the vision of technology (ICT), the principal has provided free and easy access to all ICT resources, with proper technical support and backup. The principal is monitoring the use of the ICT resources and the teaching and learning that takes place using technology through the help of technical support persons. The principal was also found to be supportive of the professional development of the teachers in the use of technology (ICT) in their classrooms. The findings of the study coincide with what the literature says about technology (ICT) leadership in schools. This shows that context does not have an obvious effect on the ICT leadership; however, the attitude of the principal towards the use of technology (ICT) has helped him emerge as a technology (ICT) leader. The presence of technology in the school and the principals’ positive attitude towards the use of technology (ICT) for transforming the traditional teaching and learning has motivated the principal to provide the necessary technology leadership.
اردو فارسی کے قدیم خدمت گزاروں میں ایک مولانا شوکت میرٹھی تھے جو خود کو ’’مجدد السنۂ مشرقیہ‘‘ کے خطاب سے مخاطب کرتے تھے۔ انھوں نے خاقانیؔ، عرفیؔ اور غالبؔ کے دیوانوں کی عجیب و غریب شرحیں لکھی ہیں اور ہمیشہ اپنے مذاق کے مطابق وہ کچھ نہ کچھ کرتے اور کہتے رہتے تھے۔ افسوس ہے کہ گذشتہ مہینہ انھوں نے ایک طویل علالت اور کبر سنی کے بعد وفات پائی۔ اب شاید ایسے لوگ بھی ہمارے ہندوستان میں آئندہ پیدا نہ ہوں گے۔ (جنوری ۱۹۲۳ء)
تناولت الدراسة أسلوب التحليل الاستراتيجي بأسلوب (SWOT) ومدى تأثيره فـي إدارة الأزمات والمتغيرات السريعة للبيئة داخلياً وخارجياً وبروزه كأداة لتشخيص الوضع الحالي وخيارات التأثير عـلى شكـل المستقبل، فـي ظل تباين وتعدد واستشراء الأزمات، تهدف الدراسة إلى التعريف بأسلوب التحليل (SWOT) وأهميته فـي تحليل الواقع واستشراف المستقبل وإتاحة الخيارات، تتلخص مشكـلة الدراسة فـي طرق استقراء البيئة فـي ظل وجود تطور فـي الأزمات، ويتضح ذلك بجلاء عند طول أمد الأزمات، ويتفرع مـنها ماهية أسلوب (SWOT) ودورة فـي استقراء الواقع وكيفـية الحد مـن الأزمات عبر التخطيط الاستراتيجي وماهية خيارات إدارة الأزمة. سلكت الدراسة المـنهج الوصفـي التحليلي الاستشرافـي. توصلت الدراسة لعدد مـن النتائج:: أن أسلوب (SWOT) يشخص البيئة الداخلية والخارجية ويستقرئ الفجوات ويقترح خيارات التعامل مع المستقبل، ويعد أسلوب (SWOT) ضروري لتفادي عنصر المـباغتة فـي إدارة الأزمات ووسيلة لتوضيح المتغيرات واستراتيجية لصنع القرار، يُعَدُّ أسلوب التحليل (SWOT) مـن أفضل أساليب التحليل التخطيط الاستراتيجي، لا سيما فـي إدارة الأزمات، لكونه يصوِّب الانحرافات ويعدِّد الخيارات فـي ظل ظروف عدم التأكد، وإن مـن أهم سمات التحليل (SWOT) توجيه الأنظار نحو ما تحتويه البيئة الداخلية والخارجية مـن فرص والتحديات ونقاط الضعف والقوة لتقويم العمل الإداري والفني بغية معالجتها والحد مـن آثارها.
Histone proteins wrap DNA around in small globular entities commonly known as nucleosomes. The post translational modifications to the histone tails are referred as histone modifications (HMs). The regulation of DNA in order to access the transcription machinery is epigenetically programmed by specific DNA and chromatin covalent modifications. HMs could either be present or absent at particular genomic loci and the combinatorial patterns of the specific modifications being addressed as ‘histone codes’, are believed to co-regulate significant biological processes. Regions defined by combinatorial patterns of marks can be referred to as chromatin states. Chromatin states associated with genomic locations correlate with specific functional elements as enhancers, transcription start sites, which can be exclusively inferred from successive combinations of chromatin marks in their contiguous locations. Biologically significant combinatorics of epigenetic modifications and their subsequent functional interplay are still mostly unrevealed. We aimed to use ChIP-Seq data of Histone modifications at different genomic loci to highlight the unbiased genomic grouping and to decode the complex biological network of HMs in association with other chromatin players in defining various chromatin states. We used different tools and techniques to accomplish our task. Complex biological networks underlying the hidden chromatin states were revealed via merging machine learning and graph theory existing approaches. Histone modification efficient and simple combinatorics was studied at a global and local scale by developing and implementing a clustering and biclustering tool. Results have been compared with the existing approaches. Meanwhile a simple and efficient computational methodology for efficient chromatin states identification for ChromHMM (HMM based chromatin segmentation) has also been developed by utilizing Hidden Markov Models components. As a result of above study we revealed the role of various factors in maintaining the chromatin state connectivity via focusing chromatin state networks. Our studies highlighted the minimum dominating nodes set and various hubs in chromatin state networks focusing their interaction patterns. Along with we developed and tested a clustering tool ChromClust and a biclustering tool ChromBiSim to highlight histone combinatorics in binarized signal data in an efficient and interactive way. ChromClust operates at global level while ChromBiSim mines local patterns of histone modifications associations. We conclude that epigenomic landscape is portrayed as interplay of various factors including histone combinations, transcription factors, chromatin modifiers and most importantly the underlying DNA motifs. Each chromatin state has a specific set of these factors which interact with each other to mark that state hence creating the whole chromatin states network.