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Home > Exploring Processes of Career Guidance and Counseling Practices in a Private Education Network in Karachi, Pakistan

Exploring Processes of Career Guidance and Counseling Practices in a Private Education Network in Karachi, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Merchant, Noureen Aziz

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2008

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727913725

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Career Guidance and Counseling (CGC) practices of one of the private Education Network in Karachi, Pakistan is being reported and analyzed in this study. Education Network where this study was conducted comprises separate schools for students of Early Childhood Education and Development, Primary, Secondary, Higher Secondary and Graduation level. The network also has a separate teachers' professional development center. CGC services in this Education Network have initiated initially with Higher Secondary School (HSS) Students, which has been studied in this study. However, the Education Network has plans to spread CGC services to the whole network. In this regard, a complete plan of CGC services for Secondary School (SS) students has also developed by the Education Network. This plan is also presented in this report. CGC support that the Higher Secondary School (HSS) students are having in this particular network has many forms .The students are not only provided with occupational information through career seminars and publications but are also involved in the process of gaining practical exposure of different professions through internships and field visits. Moreover students' financial need in pursuit of higher education is being addressed through scholarships. In this study report, a detailed account of strategies through which network is able to provide CGC support to Higher Secondary (HSS) School students has been presented. The benefits of CGC services to students towards their career development, and challenging and supportive factors towards implementation of CGC services in the Education Network has also been highlighted in this study. Qualitative case study method was employed in conducting this study. The phenomenon was studied in depth, using multiple sources of data generation tools, like semi-structured interviews, observations and documents analysis. Findings of the study identified challenges students are facing in making career-related decision like National education system, family/community traditions, lack of occupational information, and lack of parental support are found to be some of the major challenges. These challenges are very much contextual in nature. The Education Network services found to be helpful in addressing needs of the students contextually, which is one of the key findings of the study. The reason for services art of most of the school systems in many of the developing countries, including Pakistan, is due to their costly nature. CGC services are expensive with regard to time, money and resources. Lack of human resources in the field is also a hindrance. However the Education Network is
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ضبط نے وحشتوں کو باندھا ہے

ضبط نے وحشتوں کو باندھا ہے
یعنی پھر آنسوئوں کو باندھا ہے

کس نے سب زندگی کی کڑیوں میں
درد کے سلسلوں کو باندھا ہے

تیرے باعث ہی دیکھ غزلوں میں
درد کے قافیوں کو باندھا ہے

یوں ہی روشن نہیں ہے دل اس میں
آس کے جگنوئوں کو باندھا ہے

درد نے ساز پھر سے چھیڑے ہیں
ہم نے بھی گھنگھروئوں کو باندھا ہے

دل کی باتیں سمجھ نہ پائے تم
ہم نے کب فلسفوں کو باندھا ہے

تیری زلفوں کی ڈور سے ہم نے
اپنے سب رتجگوں کو باندھا ہے

الوحدة العضوية في القصيدة العربية قديما وحديثا

The issue of harmony and unity in the Arabic criticism and poem is of prime concern, which gained the great importance in modern criticism; as various critiques are of the different opinions regarding its existence, significance, applications and concepts even; in both ancient Arabic criticism and modern poetry. The present study will investigate to find out its roots in the ancient Arabic criticism and poetry; and to prove its references in modern Arabic criticism and poetry while indicating how this issue is kept alive by contemporary poets.

Plant-Microbe Interaction in Wheat Triticum Aestivum L. under Different Crop Rotations

Present study was conducted on plant-microbe interactions in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under wheat-rice and wheat-cotton rotations. Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere of wheat and used for isolation of bacteria on LB medium as well as on selective media for phosphate solubilizers and nitrogen fixers. A total of 29 isolates were obtained and identified on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis as Azospirillum (2 strains), Acinetobacter (2 strains), Actinobacteria (1 strain), Arthrobacter (3 strains), Bacillus (5 strains), Enterobacter (3 strains), Microbacterium (2 strains), Pantoea (one strain), Pseudomonas (4 strains) and one strain each of the genera Sphingobacteria, Terribacillus and Xanthomonas. In the present study, pqqE (a gene known to have a role in P-solubilization) was PCR amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis of pqqE gene amplified from Arthrobacter sp. WP-2, Pseudomonas spp. T-27 and NN-4 showed maximum (80-81%) sequence similarity with that of Pseudomonas putida and that of Pantoea sp. WP-5 with Klebsiella (84%). Phosphate solubilization (a plant beneficial trait) activity was detected in 12 bacterial strains. Among the tested strains, high P- solubilization activity (207-311 μg/mL) was detected in the pure cultures of Arthrobacter sp. WP-2, Azospirillum sp. WS-1, Bacillus sp. T-34, Enterobacter spp. T-41 & T-42, Pantoea sp. WP-5 and Pseudomonas sp. T-27. The most efficient indol-3-acetic acid producing (11-31 μg/mL ) strains among the isolates were Bacillus sp. T-34, Enterobacter sp. T-41, Pseudomonas sp. WP-1, Arthrobacter sp. WP-2 and Azospirillum sp. WS-1. Selected bacterial isolates were tested as inocula for wheat grown in sterelized sand, in earthen pots (filled with non-sterelized soil) and finally evaluated in field trials under wheat-rice and wheat-cotton crop rotation. Maximum increase in grain yield over control was noted in plants inoculated with Azospirillum spp. WS-1 & WB-3 and Bacillus sp. T-34 under wheat-rice rotation (10-15%) and under wheat-cotton rotation (7-14%). Bacterial population determined at different growth stages of inoculated plants indicated maximum number of bacteria (108-109 cfu/g dry soil) at booting stage. Organic acids (acetic acid, citric acid, malic acid and oxalic acid) and sugars (sucrose and glucose) were detected in rhizosheaths of wheat grown under both crop rotations. Diversity of bacteria in the rhizosheath of wheat under both crop rotations was studied through direct soil DNA analysis of 16S rRNA using barcoded pyrosequencing. From the soil samples a total XIV of 46,971 cleaned sequences were obtained with read length of 319 bp. Among these sequences, 48.8% sequences were obtained from wheat-cotton rotation while 51.2% from wheat-rice crop rotation. Out of total 46,971 sequences, 11,729 (24.97%) showed 97% similarity with phylotypes having PGPR activity. The results showed that in wheat-cotton and wheat-rice rotation, Proteobacteria were dominant (25.1% and 35.7%, respectively), followed by un-classified bacteria (20.5% and 17.1%, respectively) and Actinobacteria (17.7% and 13.6%). However, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Acidobacteria, Planctomyctes, Bacteriodetes, Cyanobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Nitrospora were also present. It was also observed that out of 495 different phylotypes detected, 280 phylotypes were common in both the crop rotations while 96 were only abundant in wheat-rice rotation and 41 were only present in wheat-cotton rotation system. Diversity of diazotrophs was determined in rhizosheath of wheat under both crop rotations by nifH sequence analysis amplified from soil DNA. A total of 41,287 nifH sequences were obtained with read length of 339-345 bp. The results showed that in wheat-rice and wheat-cotton cropping system, Proteobacteria were dominant (61.3% and 59.9%, respectively). However, sequences related to Cyanobacteria, Chlorobi, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Euryarchaeota, Spirochaetes, Actinobacteria and Fibrobacteres were also detected. Sequence analysis indicated presence of nifH sequences belonging to 150 different nitrogen fixing genera. Among these 150 genera, 22.6% genera were present only in wheat-rice rotation, 12.6% genera were found in wheat-cotton rotaion and 40.6% genera were present in both the cropping systems.