حدیث کے انسائیکلوپیڈیا اور ان کا تعارف

Since the inception of the ancient era, it has been the utmost trial of scholars related to every field of knowledge that they could save the knowledge of various fields. For meeting the purpose of saving, different tasks had been done in different periods, but, the most appreciating one is the preparation of an encyclopedia. In every era, different encyclopedias of different arts have been designed. Although the processes in Islamic studies remained to continue and various encyclopedias in the Islamic studies were prepared in which the encyclopedia of hadith is the most popular. Therefore, the compilation of hadith has begun from the 3rd Islamic century and a large number of muhadiseen have rendered their best services in this field and represented Hadith and books related to all arts, but, along with that a very important task was to assemble all books of Hadith at one place so that no one may get in trouble to find the Hadith, but it was a hard nut to crack that is why Allah has chosen such scholars who have compiled all the Hadith with their untiring efforts out of them the topmost in the list are: Jama-al-Joma, Kanzal-al-Amal, Almusand-al-Jamia, Mosoaa, Jamiat-ul-ahadees-al-zaeefa wal-mozooat, and almudavina-tul-Jamia are included.

Investigation of Various Sediment and Flow Parameters upon Three Dimensional Flow Using Numerical Model

The aim of this research work was to investigate and increase the understanding of three dimensional flow behavior under changing conditions of flow and sediments. The goal was achieved by using a 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics model FLUENT. The geometry selected for this study is that of a meandering compound channel. The parameters which were changed in this research work include the width of floodplain along with main channel width, overbank flow depth, incoming discharge, bed slope of the main channel and floodplains and roughness of the channel and floodplains. The research work was conducted by using different turbulence models. Among them are standard k - e , Re-normalization Group (RNG) theory based k - e and k - w turbulence models. These three models were applied for one case. Once the capability of k - e model was established after comparison with results of other models, then only k - e was used in the remaining part of the work. The data obtained from a physical model study in the laboratory was used for the validation of simulated results. The validation was done through a comparison of observed and calculated values of depth averaged velocities, total discharge at a section & point velocities. After validation, the CFD model was used to predict and investigate those aspects of flow which were difficult to get through experiments and for which experimentation was not conducted in the laboratory. These aspects include turbulence intensity, turbulent kinetic energy, pressure distribution on different cross sections of the channel and surface velocity magnitudes. As far as the sediments study is concerned, the Lagrangian particle tracking technique was used to predict the changes in bed levels at apex of the meander wavelength. Sediment particles with different diameters were used for this purpose. A total of eight flow cases were considered for the study of flow field. Each case varies from the other on the basis of (i) geometry or (ii) bed slope or (iii) depth of overbank flow or a combination of these. This work also proved the capability of standard k - e turbulence closure models in prediction of 3D overbank flows. Keywords: Sediment transport, CFD modeling, Flood flows, Numerical techniques, Turbulent kinetic energy.