Home > Exploring Students and Teachers Beliefs About Student Leadership and How Educational Processes Foster or Hinder the Development of Student Leadership Skills in Two Private Secondary Schools of Karachi, Pakistan
Exploring Students and Teachers Beliefs About Student Leadership and How Educational Processes Foster or Hinder the Development of Student Leadership Skills in Two Private Secondary Schools of Karachi, Pakistan
The notion of student leadership is an emerging trend in the field of education. This notion emerges from democratic classrooms. A student leader is seen as one who finds his / her voice for contribution in school activities. Researchers believe that students are co-responsible in the learning process in schools. If schools give the opportunity to students to develop leadership skills and value their voice, this can also enhance the process of learning in schools. A general impression is that schools consider students as empty vessels and there are few opportunities for students in developing countries. Therefore, this study explores the students' and teachers' beliefs about student leadership and how educational processes foster or hinder the development of student leadership skills in two private secondary schools of Karachi, Pakistan. The data was collected through qualitative research method, including semi-structured interviews, observations, focus group discussions, analysis of relevant documents, and field notes. For this purpose two student leaders and two non-leader students from each school were selected and one teacher from each school was also selected as the primary research participants. Principals from both schools were selected as secondary research participants. The findings reveal that student leadership is perceived as a position occupied, and a skill to lead a group of people having commanding abilities. Student leadership is also considered as fame, and as a quality which leads to occupying a position of leadership. The study also found that schools provide many opportunities to develop student leadership skills. These opportunities are empowering students, valuing their voices, and involving students in the process of decision-making. The study found parental interference and workload of students as hindering factors in developing leadership skills in students. It was also revealed that schools try to provide curricular and co-curricular avenues to develop student leadership inside and outside the classroom. They make a conscious effort through the school vision and activities both curricular and co-curricular to instill leadership skills in their students.
قرآن مجید اللہ تعالیٰ کا کلام ہے جس میں مختلف انداز واسالیب کا ذکر کیا گیا ہے تاکہ انسانی نفوس پر کلام گراں نہ گذرے۔مختلف اسالیبِ قرآنی میں سے ایک اسلوب اسلوب ِاستفہام ہے۔ قرآن مجید میں اللہ تعالیٰ اپنے بندوں سے مختلف سوال فرماتے ہیں جو کہ مختلف نوعیت کے حامل ہوتے ہیں۔ ان سوالات کی آیات کو آیاتِ استفہام کہا جاتا ہے ، جن میں کئی ایک مصلحتیں پوشیدہ ہیں ۔کہیں انسان کو ڈرانے کے لئے سوال ہے تو کہیں باطل کا رد کرنے کے لئے ،کہیں بغرض توبیخ کے ہے تو کہیں تشویق کی غرض سے، الغرض استفہامی اسلوب کو متعدد مقامات پر متعدد مقاصد کیلئے لایا گیا ہے۔فصل ہذا میں استفہام کے لغوی واصطلاحی معنی بیان کرتے ہوئے ادوات استفہام کی وضاحت کی گئ ہے اور قرآن کا استفہامیہ اسلوب بیان کیا گیا ہے آیات استفہام کی تعداد اور جن سورتوں میں یہ وارد ہوئیں ہیں انکی تعداد بیان کی گئی ہے اور تفاسیر کی روشنی میں آیات استفہام کا تحقیقی جائزہ پیش کیا گیا ہے۔قرآن مجید میں کل نو(۹) ادواتِ استفہام کو ذکر کرتے ہوئے قرآن مجید کی چھیانوے (۹۶) سورتوں میں کل آٹھ سو چونسٹھ (۸۶۴) آیات میں استفہامی اندازِ بیان کو استعمال کیا گیا ہے۔
Aims Of Study: During COVID-19 people were forced to stay home and this increased the risk of limiting their PA and adaptation of sedentary behaviour hence our objective is to measure the impact of leisure activities on well-being during COVID-19.
Methodology: 366 participants were selected, using Non-probability convenient sampling from UOL and PGC. PA and well-being were assessed using IPAQ-short form and WHO-5 well-being questionnaire.
Results: IPAQ-short form with well-being Pearson Chi square was 638.012, Spearman correlation was 0.956 and p-value Asymptotic significance (2 sided) was .000 which means there is positive strong correlation between variables.
Limitations and Future Implication: Adults having ages 18-40yrs volunteered due to short time period and since our study limited to only 2 settings so to generalize our outcomes for mass population was not feasible. During lockdown gaining past medical history in data collection was impacted, it is suggested to include the role of Physiotherapist in improving health status by PA, create awareness among common population about role of PA and their relation with well-being also including diversity in age groups, ethnicity and localities is suggested.
Originality: Strong positive correlation between PA and well-being.
Conclusion: This study shows that during Covid-19 pandemic, those individuals who remained physically active had good impact on their health. Being physically active not only improves an individual’s physical fitness level but also helps to cope with psychological problems degrading one’s mental health so our study found out direct relation between physical activity levels and health status.
Apricot is a highly nutritious fruit with a rich composition of health promoting components with a unique taste. Due to its perishable nature, enormous amounts of fresh produce goes to waste during peak season. In order to reduce the postharvest losses, the present study was designed in three phases. Initially, twelve commonly grown cultivars were characterized for their proximate composition, biochemical attributes, mineral contents and some technological traits. Among the tested cultivars, Habi variety had best physico-chemical and sensory attributes, Jahangir was rich in mineral contents, while Mirmalik had better technological traits. On the basis of overall quality characteristics, Habi variety was selected for the postharvest studies. The second phase was comprised of three experiments. Different concentrations of CaCl2 (1, 2, 3 and 4% w/v), salicylic acid (0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mM w/v), polyethylene films of varying densities and wrapping paper as packaging material were applied to determine suitable treatment. Physiological, biochemical and microbial attributes were analyzed at two day interval. Three percent CaCl2 maintained quality attributes with lower microbial load and higher sensory acceptance up to 12 days followed by 2, 4% CaCl2 respectively during ambient storage. Similarly, 2 mM salicylic acid and low density polyethylene film significantly retained all the tested nutritional and biochemical traits. The combined effect of the best selected treatments (3% CaCl2, 2 mM salicylic acid and LDPE packaging with KMnO4) maintained acceptable quality of the fruit up to 18 days at ambient temperature. The present study provides a baseline for the effective postharvest application of calcium chloride and salicylic acid along with polyethylene packaging on apricot in order to reduce losses and increase its availability in the distant markets.