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Home > Exploring Teachers Views and Experiences of English Grammar Teaching in Private Secondary Schools in Karachi

Exploring Teachers Views and Experiences of English Grammar Teaching in Private Secondary Schools in Karachi

Thesis Info

Author

Osmonbaeva, Jypargul

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2002

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727918238

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Grammar teaching plays an important role in second/foreign language teaching, and according to Pollock and Waller (1999) Grammar is indeed the lifeline to literacy. It is the language which we need to understand in order to be able to use that language effectively (p.2) The focus of this study is to explore English language teachers' views and experiences in teaching English grammar at the lower secondary level in private English medium schools in Karachi. The study followed a quantitative paradigm. Data were collected through survey, and structured interviews were conducted using questionnaires. The sample included 23 English language teachers teaching English at the Lower Secondary level, that is, classes VI, VII, and VIII, in four secondary private English medium schools in Karachi. The study highlighted English teachers' views about the importance and role of grammar in English language teaching and learning, and the teachers' role in grammar teaching. Teachers in the study indicated that their preferred strategies for teaching grammar included use of a wide variety of activities, games and instructions that promote communicative learning of English grammar. The study indicated that there is still no single answer to what is the best way, or the single best strategy, to teach English grammar at this level. Findings point at interesting similarities in approaches used in grammar teaching in both Karachi (Pakistan) and in Osh (Kyrgyzstan). Some differences in grammar teaching strategies between Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan arise due to differences between the contexts, that is, ESL and EFL contexts. Grammar teaching is an important element of English language teaching in both the ESL and the EFL context, and teachers are trying out newer approaches, and are capable of evaluating teaching strategies and using strategies that are suitable to their context. My purpose for taking up this study was to find out teachers' views and practices in teaching English grammar in Pakistan. The study indicates that grammar-teaching strategies used for teaching in Pakistan (an ESL context) could be used with slight modifications in Kyrgyzstan (an EFL context) as well. Some recommendations for language educators in Pakistan and Kyrgyzstan are highlighted in the study, and the scope for further research in the area is also indicated.
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حرف تمنا

’’ارضِ اقبال آ فاقیت کے آ ئینے میں‘‘ڈاکٹر نصیر احمد اسد کے تحقیقی وتنقیدی مضامین کا اولین تخلیقی مجموعہ ہے ۔اسے ابتدائی کاوش کے نقطہء نظر ہی سے دیکھتے ہیں تو ان کی محنت و لگن اور ادبی ذوق و شوق کی داد دینی پڑتی ہے کہ انہوں نے جس تن دہی سے اس کام کو پایۂ تکمیل تک پہنچایا ہے اسے مدنظر رکھتے ہوئے یہ بات پورے وثوق سے کہی جاسکتی ہے کہ خوب سے خوب کرنے کی جستجو ان کی فطرتِ ثانیہ ہے۔
    اس کام کے حوالے سے ایک بات خاص طور پر یہ محسوس ہوئی کہ ان میں سیکھنے کا رویّہ قابل رشک حد تک پایا جاتا ہے اور وہ اپنے آ پ کو بہت کچھ سمجھنے کے خبط سے پاک ہیں اوریہ صرف ادب ہی سے خاص نہیں بلکہ زندگی کا کوئی بھی شعبہ ہو ترقی کی بنیاد یہی رویہ ہے۔چنانچہ جس انداز سے وہ سفر شوق طے کر رہے ہیں امید ہے کہ ایک دن یہ نام ادبی حوالہ ہو گا۔
    ان کے مقالات میں تنقیدی اور تقابلی مطالعہ اپنے تہذیبی و ثقافتی پس منظر سے اُبھرتا ہےاور وہ افراد اور رویّوں ہر دو میں اشتراکات اور اختلافات اور مستقبل کے امکانات کو اپنی روایت  میں شناخت کرتے اور قدر کا تعیّن کرتے ہیں۔

ڈاکٹر سید عامر سہیل
چئیر مین شعبہ اردو ، اسلامیہ یونیورسٹی، بہاولپور

امن کے علمی مراکز: رکاوٹیں اور حل: سیرت طیبہ کی روشنی میں

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Genetic Studies in Maize under Normal and Water Deficit Conditions

Sixty maize accessions were evaluated under normal and drought stress treatments. Selected tolerant and sensitive accessions were crossed in Line ´ Tester fashion and resultant F1 along with their parents were evaluated for drought tolerance in green house and field conditions. Data were recorded on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters to estimate genetic variability, general and specific combining ability effects, heterosis manifestation, gene action, correlation and path analyses.Genetic variation among the entries under normal and drought stress treatments, indicated that this breeding material may be used for the development of drought tolerant types. Combining ability analysis exhibited variable direction and magnitude of general combining ability (GCA) effects among lines and testers and specific combining ability effects (SCA) among crosses. Lines 19191, 15139 and 15280 and testers 15104, 15064 and 15268 were best general combiners under normal and drought stress treatments. Results of SCA indicated that crosses 15139 × 15066, 15188 × 15091, 19179 × 15104, 19203 × 24669, 15280 × 15064 and 15158 ×15064 were best specific combiners. Crosses 15139 × 15104, 15139 × 15066, 15188 × 15091, 19179 × 15268 and 19179 × 15104 had also mid parent and better parent heterosis for various traits under all the treatments. Non-additive type of gene action was observed for all the traits. Association of traits based on correlation analysis showed that plant height, cobs per plant, kernels per row and kernels per cob had significant and positive correlation with grain yield per plant under normal and water deficit conditions. Path analysis revealed that days to 50% tasseling had highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant under normal and chlorophyll b contents under stress field condition.