ڈاکٹرسیدعبداللطیف
افسوس ہے کہ گزشتہ مہینہ ڈاکٹر سید عبداللطیف بھی بیاسی برس کی عمر میں رحلت گزائے عالم جاودانی ہوگئے۔ موصوف کرنول کے ایک ممتاز خانوادہ شریعت و طریقت کے فردِ فرید تھے۔ خود بڑے فاضل نامور مصنف اورانگریزی زبان کے ادیب اوراس کے نکتہ شناس تھے۔ ایک عرصہ تک عثمانیہ یونیورسٹی حیدرآباد دکن میں انگریزی زبان کے استاد اور پھر پروفیسر وصدر شعبہ رہے۔اسی زمانہ میں انھوں نے انگریزی میں غالبؔ پرایک کتاب لکھی جس میں کلیم الدین احمد کی طرح غالبؔ کومغربی فنِ تنقید کی کسوٹی پر پرکھنے کی کوشش کی گئی تھی اور اسی بنا پر اردو زبان وادب کے حلقوں میں اس کتاب نے بیزاری کے جذبات پیدا کردیے تھے۔راقم نے بھی سب سے پہلے موصوف کانام اسی عنوان سے سنا تھا۔ اس کے بعد ان کانام اس حیثیت سے سنا کہ انھوں نے تہذیبی منطقوں کی بنیاد پر ہندوستان کی تقسیم کاایک خاکہ مرتب کیا تھا۔اس خاکہ کی وجہ سے مرحوم کو بڑی شہرت حاصل ہوئی لیکن تقسیم کے بعد ان کی زندگی میں ایک انقلاب پیدا ہوااور انھوں نے اپنی زندگی، یہاں تک کہ اپنا سرمایہ بھی اسلام کی خدمت کے لیے وقف کردیا۔اس سلسلہ میں انھوں نے مولانا ابوالکلام آزاد کی معرکۃ الآرا تفسیر سورۂ فاتحہ کاانگریزی میں ترجمہ کیا اورپھرخود بھی پندرہ بیس برس کی محنت کے بعد پورے قرآن مجید کاانگریزی ترجمہ ایک مفصل اورمفید مقدمہ کے ساتھ شائع کیا۔ زبان اوراسلوب کے اعتبارسے یہ ترجمہ قرآن مجید کے تمام انگریزی تراجم میں بڑی اہمیت رکھتا ہے ۔علاوہ ازیں ’قرآن مجید کی تعلیمات‘ اور’اسلامی کلچر‘ بھی بڑی قابل قدر کتابیں لکھی ہیں۔
وفات سے چند برس پہلے سخت ضعفِ بصارت کے علاوہ چند درچند اسقام وعوارض کامجموعہ ہوکر رہ گئے تھے لیکن کام کی دھن اور لگن ایسی تھی کہ اس عالم میں بھی اپنے خاص تلامذہ...
Japan and the land of present Pakistan had cultural linkages since ages. Sindh has remained important part of this land. The Indus civilization had trade links with other countries including Sumerian and Babylonian civilizations. This trend continued afterwards, and trade relations were established between people of Sindh and Japan in the nineteenth century. This interaction led both the countries to have cultural linkages. Presently many Sindhis are residing in Japan who have adopted Japanese culture besides maintaining their own cultural traditions and customs. Sindhi poetry adopted Japanese Haiku and ‘Safarnamas’ were written in Sindhi language grasping the living and traditions, etc. Of Japan. This research paper also discusses that both countries’ people have similar style of sitting together and exchange of opinions and happenings of the day which is traditionally called ‘Katchehry’ in Sindh.
A mapping population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross between Co39 (lowland, Indica rice cultivar) and Moroberekan (upland, Japonica) was used, in two experiments to map QTLs associated with salt tolerance, particularly, ion accumulation under salinity stress by composite interval mapping (CIM). In QTL mapping study-I, plants were transplanted in compost filled pots and exposed to non saline and saline treatments (100 mol m -3 NaCl + 5 mol m -3 CaCl 2 ) in a flood bench system and data were recorded for various physiological and morphological parameters at different exposure times to salt stress. There were three replications in mapping study-I. The plants were grown only at 100 mol m -3 NaCl + 5 mol m -3 CaCl 2 salt stress in mapping study-II, with three replications. QTL mapping study-I used 32 RILs, whereas, in study-II a total of 120 RILs were evaluated for phenotypic response. The integrated genetic map of rice chromosome-1, consisting of 45 molecular markers had a distance of 201.2 cM with an average interval of 4.57 cM between markers, saturating a region that has previously been identified as a hot-spot for ion accumulation QTLs. In mapping study-II, Na + , K + concentration and K + /Na + ratio in the sap of different parts of the plant were recorded at 7 and 21 days of salt stress. A total of 38 QTLs for ion accumulation were detected in the 80 to 101 cM region of the genetic map of chromosome-1. We identified three separate regions that were active in controlling ion concentration at 21 days of salt stress, suggesting that a minimum of three different genes were acting to regulate leaf sap ion concentrations. QTLs for various physiological and morphological traits associated with salt tolerance were also detected on other chromosomes of rice. In mapping study-I, 6QTLs for Na + in expanded leaf were detected on chrom.1 (2QTLs), 2 (1QTL), 3 (1QTL) and 9 (2QTLs), whereas, 4QTLs were found on chrom.1 at 21 days salt stress in mapping study-II. Similarly, 6QTLs for K + in expanded leaf were detected on chrom.1 (1QTL), 2 (1QTL), 6 (1QTL), 7 (1QTL) and 9 (2QTLs), whereas, no QTL was identified in mapping study-II at 21 days salt stress. Regarding, K + /Na + ratio of expanded leaf 5QTLs were detected on chrom.1 (4QTLs) and 12 (1QTLs) in mapping study-I, whereas, 4QTLs were identified on chrom.1 at 21 days salt stress in mapping study-II. QTLs for these traits were also detected in other tissue types in mapping study-II. The QTLs for Na + accumulation were detected at different regions under salt stress and non stress conditions suggesting that same genes are not involved in the control of ions under salt stress and non stress conditions. Moroberekan alleles at most of the loci increase Na + and decrease K + conc. in the leaf sap under salt stress. The markers RM10710, RM8094, K061, RM3412 and RM493 are important for salt tolerance on chromosome-1 because of the presence of consistent QTLs for K + and Na + accumulation in this region. The relationship is also discussed between these QTLs and others such as Saltol, SalT, SKC-1 etc. reported by different authors. QTL for days to heading were also found under non saline conditions.