سید صدیق حسن
گزشتہ مہینہ سید صدیق حسن صاحب مرحوم کا حادثہ وفات ایسے وقت پیش آیا جب معارف چھپ چکا تھا، اس لیے تعزیت کا فرض ادا نہ ہوسکا، یہ اتفاق ہے کہ ان کی وفات سے صرف تین چار دن پیشتر ندوہ کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے جلسہ میں ان سے ملاقات ہوئی تھی، پھر دوسرے دن وہ ملنے کے لئے آئے، اس وقت یہ گمان بھی نہیں ہوسکتا تھا کہ یہ آخری ملاقات ہے، اعظم گڑھ واپس آنے کے دوسرے دن معلوم ہوا کہ مرحوم نے عالم غربت میں جنت کی راہ لی، اس سے اور بھی دل متاثر ہوا، مرحوم اپنے اوصاف و خصوصیات میں مومن کامل، اخلاص وﷲیت، حسن خلق، سادگی و تواضع، خدمت خلق، اہل حاجت کی امداد و دستگیری کا نمونہ اور غریبوں اور بے نواؤں کا ملجا و ماویٰ تھے، ان کی فیض رسانی عام تھی، کسی طبقہ اور فرقہ کی تخصیص نہ تھی، ہر حاجت مند کے لئے ان کا دروازہ کھلا ہوا تھا، عقیدۃً اور عملاً پکے مسلمان تھے، ان کے یہاں ہر ہفتہ قرآن مجید کا درس ہوتا تھا، جس میں بہت سے مسلمان حکام شریک ہوتے تھے، ان میں انھوں نے ایک مذہبی ذوق پیدا کردیا تھا، دینی و اسلامی اداروں سے ان کو بڑی دلچسپی تھی، ندوے کے رکن رکین اور بڑے معاون و مددگار تھے، دارالمصنفین سے بھی ان کو مخلصانہ تعلق تھا، اس کی مجلس انتظامیہ کے رکن بھی تھے، ان کا مذہبی اور اسلامی تاریخ کا مطالعہ بھی وسیع تھا، انھوں نے جمع و تدوین قرآن پر ایک طویل مقالہ لکھا تھا، جو معارف کے اس نمبر میں چھپ رہا ہے، اس سے ان کے علمی و دینی ذوق اور اس میں دقت نظر کا اندازہ ہوگا، شعر و ادب کا بھی ستھرا ذوق رکھتے تھے، رسمی غزل سرائی کے علاوہ...
Theimprovement of the teacher’s quality, including teachers in general and preschool teachers in particular, hasgained interested in many countries around the world. Currently, most countries in the world have issued a framework of competency or professional standards for teachers as a basis for preschool teachers to self-assess and be assessed for their qualities and competenciet. On that basis, preschool teachers can implement the plan of quality training, strengthen and improve professional expertise. This article, the author conducts research to evaluate the implementation of the professional standards manual of schools and the teacher's understanding of professional standards. This is considered an important factor that will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teacher ratings according to professional standards. In this study, the author uses mainly quantitative research methods (survey, descriptive statistics and inference statistics) to clarify the problems that the research has posed. Research results show that there is a relationship between standard manual training and preschool teachers' understanding of professional standards. Standards instructors have a good understanding of professional standards. Especially the training is organized by the school and the education and training department, so the training classes are small, with a small number of participants and therefore higher quality.
Bemisia tabaci has been well documented as one of the most economically important emergent plant virus vectors, through serious feeding damage to its broad range of plant hosts to important agricultural crops. Among the crops cotton is an important cash crop of Pakistan. Pakistan is the fourth largest cotton producer country in the world. It holds importance to run the huge textile industry in Pakistan. Production of good quality cotton is affected by Cotton Leaf Curl disease in cotton producing areas of Pakistan, B. tabaci is an efficient vector of CLCuV, its ability to transmit disease varies with its genetic composition that may be determined by geography and climatic conditions of that location. There is an urgent need to unfold the secrets behind its diversity, but efforts to explore the genetic status of this insect were insufficient and inconsistent and multiple approaches are available to identify the species/biotype status of B. tabaci further add confusion to the situation. To evaluate the biotype of B. tabaci specific to this region was important. The purpose of this study was to provide information about the biotype and secondary endosymbiont distribution for B. tabaci populations in the Punjab. There are two parts of this study, the first part deals with the exploration of biotypes, the genetic and haplotype diversity among the COI sequences of B. tabaci of Punjab. The second part deals with the identification of 16S rDNA sequences of endosymbionts of B. tabaci, and its phylogenetic analysis. The geographical localization and variation in endosymbiont populations across the region were identified using a sequence-driven analysis of the population genetics of the secondary endosymbiont. Live field specimens were collected from 39 different locations among 16 districts of Punjab and preserved in Absolute ethanol for genetic studies. Previously established procedures were used to extract and purify total insect DNA from 3 individual whiteflies for each location. PCR was run with two sets of primers designed on two loci for the highly conserved whitefly Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI) gene for biotyping. The Bayesian phylogeny of COI sequences revealed the B. tabaci populations of Punjab belongs to Asia I genetic group. Out of all the 7 genetic clades of B. tabaci, it was observed that sequences of COI of this study grouped with the sequences from the neighbouring countries like China, India and Nepal in Asia I clade. Specimens were subjected to PCR amplification using the general 16S rDNA primers for the Portiera, Arsenophonus, Rickettsia, Cardinium and Wolbachia to amplify endosymbiont DNA. The ML trees of endosymbionts of B. tabaci showed that the endosymbionts strains detected in this study grouped with the previously reported endosymbionts and these endosymbionts found to be the other strains of known endosymbionts of B. tabaci from other parts of the world. Samples were sequenced using the Sanger method and the data analyzed to correlate the presence, prevalence and geographical distribution of endosymbionts in B. tabaci. Phylogenies were constructed to track evolutionary differences amongst the endosymbionts and insects and how they have influenced the evolution of the regional populations. Samples were characterized by differences in the genomes and endosymbionts distribution among the population of B. tabaci from Punjab.