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Exploring the Use of Ict in Supporting Teaching and Learning of Reading and Writing Skills for Children With Hearing Impairment in an Inclusive School in Karachi, Pakistan

Thesis Info

Author

Aniqa Bano

Department

Institute for Educational Development, Karachi

Program

MEd

Institute

Aga Khan University

Institute Type

Private

City

Karachi

Province

Sindh

Country

Pakistan

Thesis Completing Year

2011

Thesis Completion Status

Completed

Subject

Education

Language

English

Added

2021-02-17 19:49:13

Modified

2024-03-24 20:25:49

ARI ID

1676727930599

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The purpose of this research was to explore the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in teaching and learning of reading and writing skills to/by children with hearing impairment in an inclusive school in Karachi, Pakistan. In order to achieve this purpose, the research question that guided the course of the research was, 'what are the ways in which ICT might be used for teaching and learning of reading and writing skills to/by children with hearing impairment in an inclusive school in Karachi, Pakistan'. Embedded in the qualitative paradigm, action research was used to explore my research question. Action research is a flexible spiral process which allows action for change and improvement and research for understanding and knowledge to be achieved at the same time (Dick, 2002). The Kemmis, McTaggart and Retallick's (2004) model of action research was implemented in the study. However, only two cycles of action research could be completed. Classroom observations, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, reflective journal, video recording of classroom teaching, field notes were used as data collection methods. Four students (two with hearing impairment and two without hearing impairment) from a private inclusive school of Karachi, Pakistan, were selected as participants on the basis of a criteria. Moreover, the class teacher and assistant teacher acted as my critical friends. It was found that in order to address the learning needs of children with Special Education Needs (SEN), the use of multiple pedagogies and methodologies were helpful in keeping all the students engaged in the learning process. The use of ICT allowed the teacher to enrich the curriculum with relevant and interesting activities downloaded from the internet. However, the teacher's knowledge and skills of teaching children with hearing impairment posed several challenges. Thus, the professional development of teachers and their capabilities, in using ICT in an inclusive setting was found to be critical. It was found that children with SEN needed more input for improving their vocabulary. It was found that the overall low reading level of children with hearing impairment hinders them in participating in the reading activities and discussion processes even when multimedia were used. The written instructions, along with verbal instructions, projected through multimedia projector were found helpful to include children with hearing impairment in the classroom discourse. The features of power point presentation like hypertext, hypermedia and animations, use of digital stories and colourful pictures helped in gaining students' attention for
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غزل

دل سے اک شخص کی یادوں کو رہا کرتے ہوئے
مر ہی جاوں نہ کہیں اس کو قضا کرتے ہوئے
تو کہ معبود سے نگران بھی سکتا ہے
میں نے سوچا ہی نہ تھا تجھ کو خدا کرتے ہوئے
ہاتھ اٹھاتے ہوئے وہم و گماں میں بھی نہ تھا
لب پہ اک نام جو آیا ہے دعا کرتے ہوئے
ہر کہانی کے قلم کار نے کیوں مار دیے
سارے کردار محبت میں وفا کرتے ہوئے
ہاتھ میں رنگ رکھا  ، باد صبا پر آنکھیں
پھول سے پھول کی خوشبو کو جدا کرتے ہوئے
شہر کا شہر ہی ویران نہ ہو جائے کہیں
میرے اک خواب کو تعبیر نما کرتے ہوئے
اب تو میں لوٹ کے جنگل میں نہیں جا سکتا
کھو گیا ہوں میں ترے گھر کا پتا کرتے ہوئے
تو کہے تو میں ترے دل سے نکل جاتا ہوں
میں نے جنت بھی چھوڑی تھی خطا کرتے ہوئے
آندھیوں سے تو مری جنگ نہیں ہے کوئی
شمع تو بجھنے نہ دی ذکر ہوا کرتے ہوئے
میں نے خیرات میں بھی پیار ہی مانگا ہے عدید
سوچتے کیا ہے سخی مجھ پہ عطا کرتے ہوئے

Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (Msmes) Based on Creative Economy (Ekraf) and Gig Economy in Gorontalo Regency

The purpose of this study is to determine the development of MSMEs in Gorontalo Regency and to provide new innovations in the development of MSMEs based on Creative Economy (Ekraf) and Gig economy in Gorontalo Regency. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach, which describes and describes facts according to the phenomenon of how development is seen from the strengths, weaknesses, threats and opportunities (SWOT analysis) with the aim of providing an Creative Economy-based MSME development strategy and the Gig economy in Gorontalo Regency. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation about the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of MSMEs against informants from three business fields, namely the Food Business Sector (dodol processed food), clothing (Sulaman Karawo) and handicrafts spread across three existing sub-districts in Gorontalo Regency. The results showed that the creative economy-based and gig economy-based MSMEs in Gorontalo Regency have not been fully implemented by MSME actors because they have limited capabilities and experience problems in their business development, this is due to several problems faced such as limited capital, raw materials and the use of simple production equipment, limited marketing media due to the absence of a MSME center, the types of products offered, quite a lot of transaction costs, less skilled labor, and product copyright registration problems for that from the results of the SWOT analysis of the diversification strategy at a more precise value to be applied, because it is considered more appropriate to the current conditions in Gorontalo Regency. In addition, the use of the gig economy is a part-time worker who is competent and innovative for MSMEs that are progressing and ready to compete.

An Examination of the Ecological Relationship Between Seed Bank, Life History Traits and Weed Vegetation

The investigation was carried out in Dera Ghazi Khan and Multan districts which are located along the Indus river system. Presence/ absence data were collected from 160 crop fields of wheat and cotton during 2005. We used classification as well as ordination methods to analyze the data structure. The main emphasis was on classification, ordination being used in part to check whether the classification results reflect in an adequate way the main floristical gradients in the data set, and also to detect relations between some environmental factors and the composition and structure of weed vegetation. The major axes brought by the ordination were related to soil characteristics and anthropogenic factors. The application of multivariate statistics {detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) and cluster analysis} allowed an interpretation of weed species spatial distribution and assemblage. From the results of classification (cluster analysis) samples from wheat and cotton fields could be divided in to distinct groups (plant associations) based on floristic composition. We have shown that there is a clear relationship between physical and chemical features of the substrate and the association defined by numerical analysis which surely shows that these groupings of weed species are not arbitrary assemblage. In this respect, soil moisture and texture seems particularly important in shaping the weed communities. Again, the scatters of the ordination diagrams demonstrate the lack of boundaries between weed vegetation types and species distribution: some species were restricted, but the majority had very wide ranges across the associations. Although, the difficulty of describing vegetation boundaries may be general one for weed vegetation yet these series of associations make good sense and may be the most useful of any land-use application. However, weed ecologists must continue to attempt the difficult definition of hazy boundaries of weed vegetation.